Byzantine Art Vocabulary Byzantium Constantinople Istanbul Codex Illuminated Manuscript Parchment/vellum tempera Greek Cross Iconophile Iconoclasm Squinches Pendentives Theotokos Pantocrator

Constantinople: The New Capitol of the Roman Empire Early Byzantine-From Emperor Justinian’s reign ( ) to the beginning of Iconoclasm, 726 Middle Byzantine-From the end of Iconoclasm, 843 to the Western Crusaders occupation of Constantinople in 1204 Late Byzantine-1261 when the East reclaimed Constantinople, to 1453 when the Ottoman Turks seized the city

Early Byzantine, The Barberini Diptych, mid 6 th century

Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy, 504 Latin Cross

Nave detail, Sant’ Apollinare

Christ as Good Shepherd, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425

Martyrdom of St. Lawrence, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425

Santa Costanza, Rome, ca

Elevation and Plan, Santa Costanza Central Plan Greek cross

Early Byzantine, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

Pendentives

San Vitale, Ravenna,

Early Byzantine, San Vitale, Apse View, Ravenna,

Early Byzantine, Justinian and his Courtiers, San Vitale, 547

Early Byzantine, Theodora and her Courtiers, San Vitale, 547

Early Byzantine, Virgin Enthroned with Saints Icon, 6 th century Icon Tempera Theotokos Hieratic

Iconoclasm

Middle Byzantine, Virgin and Child (Theotokos), Hagia Sophia, 867

Church of the Dormition, Nicaea, Greece, restored, 787

Christ as Pantocrator, church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca

Pantocrator, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. 1100

Middle Byzantine, The Lamentation, Saint Pantaleimon, Macedonia, 1164

Virgin and Child (Theotokos), late 11 th -early12th century, Russia Virgin of Compassion

Middle Byzantine, St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice, 1063 begun

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, Vienna Genesis, early 6 th century Codex Illuminated manuscript Folio Vellum Tempera

David Composing the Psalms, the Paris Psalter, ca