Measuring With Metrics

Big Idea #1 There are two types of observations: 1. Qualitative 2. Quantitative

Observations Scientists use observations of the world around them to clearly communicate.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Observations that describe. ---- not very specific Example  There are trees in my yard. Quantitative Observations that measure. ---- very specific Example There are three trees in my yard.

(statement did not tell you how hot) Practice Moms coffee is hot. ----- Qualitative (statement did not tell you how hot)

(statement uses an exact measurement) Practice 2. I have baseball practice today at 4:00 pm. ----- Quantitative (statement uses an exact measurement)

The World of Metrics

Big Idea # 2 The metric system of measurement is used by scientists and is based on units of ten.

Length Notes Length  A measurable distance between two points. In metrics……..The meter is the standard unit of length. (called the base unit)

Do we always measure with a meter stick Do we always measure with a meter stick? That seems kind of hard when we are measuring small things. ---------------------------------------------------- No ….don’t be silly… The meter can be divided into smaller sections of equal length.

A decimeter is 1/10 or .1 of a meter The Meter…..or smaller A meter can be divided into ten equal sections. Each section is called a….. Decimeter A decimeter is 1/10 or .1 of a meter

A centimeter is 1/100 or .01 of a meter A meter can be divided into 100 equal sections. Each section is called a….. Centimeter A centimeter is 1/100 or .01 of a meter

A millimeter is 1/1000 or .001 of a meter A meter can be divided into 1000 equal sections. Each section is called a….. Millimeter A millimeter is 1/1000 or .001 of a meter

So………. 1 meter = 10 decimeters 100 centimeters 1000 millimeters

We use more than one meter….. What about large things? How do we measure things like trees and people? ---------------------------------------------------- We use more than one meter….. 10 meters = Decameter 100 meters = Hectometer 1000 meters = Kilometer

That is, Can You Count Metric Style? Start with 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

---------------------------------- Get The Drift? ---------------------------------- let’s go measure

Wait….. Is there a way to convert from one metric unit to another?

Conversion Practice Convert the following: Please show your work for each step. 15mg = _______ g 8.421 L = ______ml

Convert the following: 4 kg = _____g Please Do Now Convert the following: 4 kg = _____g Did you show the following work: metric staircase, with loops and #’s # of steps traveled up/down – left/right final answer with the correct unit

Convert the following in your INBK. Conversion Practice Convert the following in your INBK. 100m = km 100cm = m 34hm = m 400 ml = L 600 ml = L 3275g = kg

Big Idea # 3 Mass is the amount of matter contained in an object. (measured in grams) Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object.

Mass Mass is a measure of the total amount of matter in a solid, liquid, or gas. ----- The gram is the base unit used to measure mass in the metric system.

Mass vs. Weight * Mass is constant (does not change) * Weight changes depending upon what planet you are on …..some planets have stronger gravity (like Jupiter).

Kilogram 1 Kilogram = 1000 grams One liter of water (one half of a two Liter bottle of soda) has a mass of 1 Kilogram.

hectogram 1 hectogram = 100 grams A baseball has the mass of about 1.5 hectograms.

dekagram 1 dekagram = 10 grams Two U.S. quarters have a mass of just over 1 dekagram.

gram 1 gram = 1 gram A one-dollar bill has a mass of about 1 gram.

decigram 1 decigram = 1/10th of a gram A paper clip has a mass of about 5 decigrams..

1 centigram = 1/100th of a gram A large black ant has a mass of about 1 centigram..

1 milligram = 1/1000th of a gram One dekagram of table salt contains about 1 milligram of iodine..

What does a gram look like? 1 jumbo sized paper clip has a mass equal to 1 gram.

Weight Watchers Was your hand or your scale more accurate when determining the mass of each object? Why do you think it is important for a scientist to use exact measurements?

Big Idea # 4 Volume is a measurement that tells us how much space an object takes up. Volume may be calculated in two different ways: 1. formula length x width x height 2. displacement

Volume A quantity that describes an amount of space quantity = how much; an exact number

Definition: The amount of space an object takes up. The amount of empty space in a container.

In Metrics…….. The Liter (L) is the standard unit of volume.

Regular Solid Objects A regular solid is a geometric solid with measurable sides. example: a cube, pyramid, sphere, rectangular prism, cylinder, etc..

Scientists use rulers, tape measures, and simple math to calculate the volume of a regular shaped solid object. ----- example  length x width x height

Irregular Solid Objects An irregular solid is a solid without measurable sides. example: a rock

Displacement To find the volume of an irregular shaped object scientists use a method known as water displacement. ----the term displacement means “to move”.

What Do You Think #1 What happens when you add ice cubes to a glass of fruit punch that has been filled to the tip-top? a. response (use your words) b. 3 sketches with explanation 1. cup filled to the top with punch. 2. hand adding cubes of ice. 3. what you think happens next.

What Do You Think #2 Why can’t two objects take up the same space at the same time? Or can they? a. response (slow down….think before you write your response.) b. create a detailed sketch to support your response. Captions might be helpful.

What Do You Think #3 What happens when you try to run through a solid concrete wall? Why? a. scientific response…… b. sketch with explanation.

Big Idea # 5 Density is a physical Property that describes the relationship between mass and volume. --- Density is the amount of matter in a given space.

Density of Water Water has a density of 1.0 g / mL

Density and Layers The densest layer is always on the bottom. The least dense layer is always on top.

Density as a Broken Heart To solve for density you must know the mass and volume of the object. To remember the formula…..picture a heart cut in half across its horizontal access. -- top half of the heart forms the letter M; bottom half forms the letter V.

Big Idea # 6 Temperature is the level of energy in a gas, liquid, or solid. (NOT…..HOT or COLD)

Hot and Cold are relative measurements For Example: A piece of red hot metal might be hot when compared to a cube of ice; but the same metal is significantly cooler than the surface of the sun.

Metric Temperature In the metric system, the difference between freezing and boiling is divided into 100 equal intervals; each called a degree Celsius.

Customary Temperature In the customary system (English System) the difference between freezing and boiling is divided into 180 equal intervals; each called a degree Fahrenheit.

Freezing and Boiling Celsius (degrees) Boiling Point = 100 Freezing Point = 0 Fahrenheit (degrees) Boiling Point = 212 Freezing Point = 32

Temperature Conversion To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit: Multiply the temperature by 1.8, then add 32. ---------- Fahrenheit = (1.8 x Celsius) + 32

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: Subtract 32 from the temperature and multiply the difference by .55 ---------- Celsius = (Fahrenheit – 32) x .55