Molecular Biology of Genes Chapters DNA Technology (not in your book)

Double Stranded Helix

Nitrogenous Bases

So how do we copy it?

Genotype to Phenotype

Building Blocks of Proteins

tRNA

Ribosome Structure Large Subunit Small Subunit

Mutations

Sickle Cell Example

DNA Technology

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - used to amplify DNA sequences

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules by size ++ – – Power source Gel Mixture of DNA molecules of different sizes Longer molecules Shorter molecules Completed gel

How Restriction Fragments Reflect DNA Sequence –Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) reflect differences in DNA samples Crime sceneSuspect w x yy z Cut DNA from chromosomes C C G G G G C C A C G G T G C C C C G G G G C C C C G G G G C C x, y, z = restriction fragments Red line =restriction site

–After digestion by restriction enzymes the fragments are run through a gel – + Longer fragments Shorter fragments x w y z y 12 Crime sceneSuspect w x yy z Cut DNA from chromosomes C C G G G G C C A C G G T G C C C C G G G G C C C C G G G G C C

DNA fingerprinting can help solve crimes Defendant’s blood Blood from defendant’s clothes Victim’s blood