Density, Specific Gravity, and Specific Volume

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Presentation transcript:

Density, Specific Gravity, and Specific Volume

Density Specific gravity Example Definition: Mass per unit volume of a substance. It is usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter. Specific gravity Definition: The ratio of the weight of the of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of a substance chosen as a standard, both having the same temperature. Water is used as the standard for the specific gravities of liquids and solids. Example What is the weight of 500 ml of a substance having specific gravity of 9.8 ?? Answer volume of a substance = 500 ml volume of water = 500 ml weight of water = 500 g Specific gravity = weight of liquid / weight of water Weight of liquid = 9.8 x 500 = 4900 g

Specific volume Definition: The ratio of the volume of a substance to the volume of an equal weight of another substance taken as standard, both having the same temperature. Water is the standard for liquids and solids. Specific gravity and specific volume are reciprocals of each other – if they are multiplied together the product is 1. Example What is the specific volume of phosphoric acid having a specific gravity of 1.71? Answer Sp. Volume x Sp. Gravity = 1 Sp. Volume = 1 / 1.71 = 0.58

Specific volume (Cont.) A substance that is heavier than water has a higher specific gravity lower specific volume. A substance that is lighter than water has a lower specific gravity higher specific volume. To calculate the weight of a liquid when given its volume and specific gravity: Weight of liquid = weight of equal volume of water x specific gravity of liquid Volume of equal weight of water Volume of liquid = Specific gravity of liquid