Ractopamine, Response, Economics, and Issues Allan P. Schinckel Purdue University Department of Animal Sciences

Paylean™ - Ractopamine Feed additive; Feed 150 to 240 lbs. live weight (last 90 lbs. live weight gain); Feed at 4.5 to 18 grams/ton (5-20 ppm)

Paylean™ - Ractopamine Small compound; Partitions energy from fat growth to lean growth; Increases protein accretion and muscle growth; Increases muscle fiber diameter.

What is Ractopamine?  agonist; not a hormone; not a steroid; not “biotechnology.”

Impact of ractopamine level on average daily gain of SEW gilts.

Impact of ractopamine on fat-free lean gain (g/d) on SEW gilts.

Impact of ractopamine on protein accretion.

Impact of ractopamine on lipid accretion (g/d).

Impact of ractopamine level on feed conversion for SEW gilts.

Value of 9 g/ton Ractopamine for the last 90 lbs. before market. Growth 4.1 less days  $.15/day.62 Feed Cost: 337 lbs. of.6% lysine $.0503/lb lbs. of.78% lysine $.0539/lb lbs.1.37 Dressing percentage 1.1% at 250 lbs. live weight 2.75 lb at $.60/lb.1.65 Total$3.64

Ractopamine fed at 9.0 g/ton for the last 90 lbs. of live weight gain increases % dissected lean from 51.8 to 57.5%; lbs. more dissected lean.

How much will pork processor payment systems pay for an extra lbs. of lean? Depends... on accuracy of the equation and measurements used in the equation development; the accuracy of the measurements in the pork processing plants;

and... technologies used to predict lean mass; Ractopamine causes a change in muscle distribution and increases lean in the ham, belly and shoulder.

Based on lean cut out-boneless loins and dissected ham lean... Each lb. of lean has a value of 1.00/lb (Ackridge et al., 1991); Based on lean cut out values g/ton (20 ppm) fed the last 90 lbs. will increase carcass value by approximately $10.45 per head.;

% RAC Fat-free Lean Carcass MeasurementsResponse detected Midline last rib backfat, CW15.2 Optical probe, CW52.4 Tenth rib fat depth, loin eye area, CW49.5 TOBEC, CW74.1 Dissected ham lean, CW95.4 TOBEC, fat depth, CW82.1 Best TOBEC analysis fat depth, CW99.0

Dose Response Trial (3) A twenty trial summary of growth performance indicates that the RAC response on growth performance is dose related and consistent (Elanco, 1999) Gu et al., 1991 indicated that RAC increased growth rate and feed efficiency over various genotypes

Objectives Determine magnitude of response to RAC at varying levels with three industry terminal cross lines with increased lean accretion rates over a four week time period

Procedures 300 gilts from 3 lines; BW=184 lb 4 treatments; 6 week trial –Control –4.5 g/ton –9 g/ton –18 g/ton –Pigs were fed a diet containing a 1.1% lys level for the 4 week time period Pigs were weighed and scanned weekly

ADG Wks 1 Wks 2Wks 4Overall lbs/d C.V Diet = P<.05 * * * ** * ** * ** * * ** Wks 3

ADFI lbs/d Wks 1 Wks 2Wks 4Overall C.V Diet = P<.05 b Wks 3 ab b a a b a a a a a b b a b

F:G lbs/d Wk 1 Wk 2Wk 4Overall C.V Diet = P<.05 Wk 3 c bc ab a b a a a b a a a b aa a b aa a

Carcass Measurements Control 4.5 g/ton RAC 9 g/ton RAC 18 g/ton RAC C.V. Slaughter BW, lbs a b b b 6.00 HCW, lbs180.3 a b b b 6.49 % Yield73.3 a 74.3 b 73.9 b 74.4 b th Rib FD, in.70 b.66 ab.67 ab.65 a 20.0 LD, in2.19 a 2.27 a 2.32 ab 2.40 b 11.5 % Lean54.7 a 55.5 ab 56.2 b 4.11

The Effect of Paylean on Cost / Premium in Late Finishing Pigs Std. ControlPayleanPayleanPayleanError # of Pigs HCW, lbs180.3 a b b b 1.48 Cost/lb gain, $*.1932 ab.1853 a.1989 b.2188 c day feed cost, $*10.66 a b b b.295 Premium/pig, $6.68 a 7.47 b 7.55 b 8.06 b.253 Total price/pig $ a b b b 1.08 Pig price minus feed cost Net above cost Cost of Paylean included for those diets containing Paylean

Relative response of 5 ppm versus 20 ppm ractopamine in past research trials. 5 ppm/ Growth Variable0520SE20 ppm Average Daily Gain g/day Average Feed Intake kg/day Feed Conversion Carcass Variables Dressing Percentage Percent Lean th Rib Backfat Depth (cm)

Relative response of 5 ppm versus 20 ppm ractopamine in recent research trials. 5 ppm/ Growth Variable0520SE20 ppm Average Daily Gain g/day Average Feed Intake kg/day Feed Conversion Carcass Variables Dressing Percentage Percent Lean th Rib Backfat Depth (cm)

Conclusions Pigs fed RAC had an increase in ADG of 7.7% compared to the control treatment, however, no differences were observed between RAC treatments 18 g/ton RAC had reduced ADFI of 5% compared to 9 g/ton RAC treatment All pigs fed RAC had improved F:G of 17.5% compared to the control treatment

Conclusions All pigs fed RAC had an increase in final BW and HCW 18 g/ton RAC had decreased fat depth (7.9%) and increased loin depth (8.5%) compared to the control treatment 18 g/ton RAC had increased loin depth compared to 4.5 g/ton RAC Actual lean mass increases as Paylean increases from 4.5 to 18 g/ton

Implications As the level of RAC was increased in the diet, growth performance and carcass traits were improved with a four week feeding program However, 85% of the increase in ADG and F:G in all 3 genotypes were observed at the 4.5 g/ton RAC level

Our Recommendations 1.If pigs are close to optimal percent lean Feed 4.5 g/ton level, target pigs for d on Paylean, increase lysine by 35% the first two weeks and 20-25% the second two weeks.

Our Recommendations 2.To increase the lean percentage Feed 4.5 g for approximately 2-1/2 weeks and 9 g/ton for 2-1/2 weeks. Increase lysine by 35% for the first phase and 25-30% the second phase.