Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Metals are located to the left and below the diagonal line in the periodic table.

Properties of Metals Metals are usually solids at room temperature

Mercury is the exception

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

High melting points and boiling points (except Hg and Ga)

Gallium has a melting point of only 86 F. =Nzoi9m3t4uM

High densities (except some group 1 metals)

Metals have luster, they are shiny and reflect light

Malleable – can be bent or pounded into sheets

Ductile – can be stretched into wire without breaking

Wires on a suspension bridge are made of ductile metal

Chemical properties of metals Most metals can rust

Chemical properties of metals Most metals react easily with acids

Nonmetals are located to the right of the stair step line.

Properties of Nonmetals The nonmetals exist in all three of the states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) liquids (such as bromine) solids (such as carbon)

Nonmetals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well.

Nonmetals have much lower melting and boiling points than metals. (Consider all of the gases on the non-metal side)

Nonmetals are not nearly as dense as metals.

The nonmetals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

Nonmetallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. Sulfur powder

Hydrogen- a non metal The Group 1 Nonmetal Most of the hydrogen found in the world is found in water.

Metalloids are located on the staircase line, dividing metals from non metals.

Properties of Metalloids Have a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties. Semi-conductors: Can conduct heat and electricity to some extent.

Review video of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids 5:16 length

Review Questions 1. Identify the following as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids using their location on the periodic table. (a) silicon Si- metalloid (b) fluorine F- nonmetal (c) uranium U- metal (d) mercury Hg- metal (e) arsenic As- metalloid (f) iridium Ir- metal

2. List three differences in the physical properties between metals and nonmetals. Metals are shiny, malleable and good conductors whereas nonmetals are dull, brittle and don’t conduct electricity (insulators).

3. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, and wires. How could you use these materials to determine if an unknown solid was a metal or a non-metal? Explain (you may also illustrate) how you will test the substance and what results you will look for.