Biology Chapter 2 2B-2

Review Questions 1. What substances make up carbohydrates? What Characteristics do carbohydrates have? They are made of C,H, and O Smaller carbs contain twice as many H atoms as O Simple sugars, called monosaccharides are the basic building blocks for carbohydrates

Review Questions 2. What are the primary functions of carbohydrates? They serve as both structural and energy compounds

Review Questions 3. List several monosaccharides, several disaccharides, and several polysaccharides. Monosaccharide- glucose, galactose, ribose, fructose Disaccharides- lactose, sucrose, maltose Polysaccharides- cellulose, glycogen, starch, chitin

Review Questions 4. What substances make up a lipid? What characteristics do lipids have? Lipids are made of C,H, and O Lipids are only slightly soluble in water but are highly soluble in organic substances such as alcohol They mostly serve as structural compounds They store energy efficiently

Review Questions 5. Describe the difference between a hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecule. Hydrophobic molecules are repelled by water, Hydrophilic are attracted by molecules

Review Questions 6. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. How are the physical characteristics affected? Saturated fatty acids have two hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms. Unsaturated- have or more of the carbon atoms are double bonded Saturated behave as solids at room temperature, unsaturated behave as liquids at room temperature

Review Questions 7. What distinguishes phospholipids from other lipids? The third carbon atom of their uniting glycerol molecule has a phosphate-containing group attached to it rather than a fatty acid

Review Questions 8. List several lipids. Fats, Oils, waxes, cholesterol