Identifying recombination events in phage Giles through presence of repeat sequences MEGAN MAIR.

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Identifying recombination events in phage Giles through presence of repeat sequences MEGAN MAIR

Mycobacteriophage Giles Genes Unique to Giles Genes Conserved in Other Phages 72% 57 genes 28% 22 genes A B C D F G H I J K M N P R T Singleton clusters Hatfull et al., 2010 Phamerator-generated data

Where do nonessential genes originate? Tandem repeats are well-documented in mycobacteria – presence might imply origin? Sun et al.,2004

Autocorrelation Function CGTCTGACGGCTGA ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ x x (nothing added) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Total Score: 6 Total Possible Score: 7

gp27 gp nucleotide repeat Scores > 40 (0.03% chance of occurring randomly)

gp27 Phamerator Map Minor Tail Protein No documented protein-protein interactions Mehla et al., 2015

gp46 No known function One protein-protein interaction with minor tail protein gp17 Phamerator Map Mehla et al., 2015

Possible traces of satellite DNA (Deumling, 1981)

Further Research -Sequence alignment documentation to further investigate sequence similarities between gp27, gp46 and identified sequences within mycobacterium -Host range studies to correlate data

References Cresawn SG, Bogel M, Day N, Jacobs-sera D, Hendrix RW, Hatfull GF. Phamerator: a bioinformatic tool for comparative bacteriophage genomics. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011;12:395. Dedrick RM, Marinelli LJ, Newton GL, Pogliano K, Pogliano J, Hatfull GF. Functional requirements for bacteriophage growth: gene essentiality and expression in mycobacteriophage Giles. Mol Microbiol. 2013;88(3): Deumling B. Sequence arrangement of a highly methylated satellite DNA of a plant, Scilla: A tandemly repeated inverted repeat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78(1): Elhai J, Taton A, Massar JP, et al. BioBIKE: a Web-based, programmable, integrated biological knowledge base. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Web Server issue):W Haft DH, Selengut J, Mongodin EF, Nelson KE. A guild of 45 CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein families and multiple CRISPR/Cas subtypes exist in prokaryotic genomes. PLoS Comput Biol. 2005;1(6):e60. Hatfull GF, Jacobs-sera D, Lawrence JG, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of 60 Mycobacteriophage genomes: genome clustering, gene acquisition, and gene size. J Mol Biol. 2010;397(1): Morris P, Marinelli LJ, Jacobs-sera D, Hendrix RW, Hatfull GF. Genomic characterization of mycobacteriophage Giles: evidence for phage acquisition of host DNA by illegitimate recombination. J Bacteriol. 2008;190(6): Sun YJ, Bellamy R, Lee AS, et al. Use of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat typing to examine genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Singapore. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(5):