Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–1 Negative words (palabras negativas) deny something’s existence or contradict statements.

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Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–1 Negative words (palabras negativas) deny something’s existence or contradict statements.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–2 In Spanish, double negatives are perfectly acceptable. ¿Dejaste algo en la mesa?No, no dejé nada. Did you leave something on the table? No, I didn’t leave anything. Siempre tuvimos ganas de viajar a Costa Rica. Hasta ahora, no tuvimos ninguna oportunidad de ir. We always wanted to travel to Costa Rica. Until now, we had no chance to go there.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–3 Most negative statements use the pattern no + [verb] + [negative word]. When the negative word precedes the verb, no is omitted. No lo extraño nunca.Nunca lo extraño. I never miss him. Su opinion no le importa a nadie. A nadie le importa su opinión. His opinion doesn’t matter to anyone. Nobody cares about his opinion.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–4 Once one negative word appears in an English sentence, no other negative word may be used. In Spanish, however, once a negative word is used, all other elements must be expressed in the negative if possible. No le digas nada a nadie.Tampoco hables nunca de esto. Don’t say anything to anyone.Don’t ever talk about this either. No quiero ni pasta ni pizza.Tampoco quiero nada para tomar. I don’t want pasta or pizza.I don’t want anything to drink either.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–5 The personal a is used before negative and indefinite words that refer to people when they are the direct object of the verb. Nadie me comprende. ¿Por qué será? Porque tú no comprendes a nadie. No one understands me. Why is that? Because you don’t understand anybody. Algunos pasajeros prefieren no desembarcar en los puertos. Pues, no conozco a ninguno que se quede en el crucero. Some passengers prefer not to disembark at the ports. Well, I don’t know of any who stay on the cruise ship.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–6 Before a masculine, singular noun, alguno and ninguno are shortened to algún and ningún. ¿Ha sufrido algún daño en el choque? Have you suffered any harm in the accident? Me había puesto el cinturón de seguridad, por lo que no sufrí ningún daño. I had fastened my seatbelt, and so I suffered no injuries.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–7 Tampoco means neither or not either. It is the opposite of también. Mi novia no soporta los congestionamientos en el centro, ni yo tampoco. My girlfriend can’t stand the traffic jams downtown, and neither can I. Por eso toma el metro, y yo también. That’s why she takes the subway, and so do I.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–8 The conjunction o… o (either… or) is used when there is a choice to be made between two options. Ni… ni (neither… nor) is used to negate both options. Debo hablar o con el gerente o con la dueña. I have to speak with either the manager or the owner. El precio del pasaje ni ha subido ni ha bajado en los últimos días. The price of the ticket has neither risen nor fallen in the past days.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–9 The conjunction ni siquiera (not even) is used to add emphasis. Ni siquiera se despidieron antes de salir. They didn’t even say goodbye before they left. La señora Guzmán no viaja nunca, ni siquiera para visitar a sus nietos. Mrs. Guzmán never travels, not even to visit her grandchildren.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.3–10 Cualquiera can be used to mean any, anyone, whoever, whatever, or whichever. When used before a singular noun (masculine or feminine) the –a is dropped. Cualquiera haría lo mismo. Anyone would do the same. Llegarán en cualquier momento. They will arrive at any moment.