Conditionals

1st First conditional: If + present simple + future simple Las oraciones condicionales son oraciones compuesta por : una subordinada que expresa la condición ( conditional clause – if ) una principal que indica el resultado ( result clause). En inglés existen 3 tipos: First conditional: 1st If + present simple + future simple If you give me a hand , I will be really grateful. ( Si me echas una mano,estaré muy agradecido) No importa el orden en que se coloquen las preposiciones, pero si la condición ( if ) va primero se suele poner una coma entre ambas. Además del future simple en el resultado también se pueden usar los modales y el imperativo You can´t go out if you don´t finish your homework If you search for information on the Internet, use Google

If + present simple , future simple Para expresar que algo no ocurrirá si no se cumple la condición, la proposición es introducida por unless = if not ( a no ser que , a menos que ) Unless you study hard this term , you will fail English. If you don´t study hard this term , you will fail English. Unless se usa más en el 1st conditional. Es menos frecuente en el 2nd y nunca en el 3rd . If + present simple , future simple Modal Imperative Unless = if not

2nd Second conditional If + past simple , would + infinitivo If I studied harder , I would pass this exam Si el verbo de la condición ( if ) es “to be” se suele utilizar were en todas las personas. If I were a rich girl, I would buy a new car Para dar consejos se usa… If I were you, I wouldn´t go ( Yo que tú no iría) Podemos usar en vez de would los modales could o might ( indican que la probabilidad de que se cumpla la hipótesis es aún menor – podría, tal vez, quizás-)

3rd Third conditional If + past perfect , would have + participio If you had studied harder, you would have passed this exam En vez de would have también podemos usar could have o might have If Jack had come , we could have gone to the party

1st 2nd 3rd Summing up…. If + present simple , future simple Modal Imperative Unless = if not 2nd If + past simple , would + infinitivo Could might 3rd If + past perfect , would have + participio Could have might have

1. If you like this CD, I’ll lend / I would lend it to you. Choose the correct answer. 1. If you like this CD, I’ll lend / I would lend it to you. 2. You won’t / wouldn’t get lost if you had a GPS. 3. We’ll discuss it if you come / will come over tonight. 4. If he sends / sent me an e-mail, I’d reply at once. 5. We’ll miss the bus unless we will leave / leave now.

Choose the correct answer. 1. If you don’t help me with the homework, … . a. I won’t be able to do it b. I wouldn’t do it 2. John will take pictures of your family … . a. unless he forgets his camera b. if you would ask him 3. If we saved some money, … . a. we bought a new computer b. we could buy a laptop

1. You wouldn’t disturb people if you ……………………… (wear) headphones. Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative form of the verbs in brackets. 1. You wouldn’t disturb people if you ……………………… (wear) headphones. 2. If she goes online, she ……………………… (find) all the information she needs. 3. Jack can’t travel to America unless he ……………………… (get) a passport. 4. If I ……………………… (have) a Palm Pilot to help me, I wouldn’t be so well organised. 5. Unless the police catch the thief, they ……………………… (find) the jewels. 6. What would you buy if you ……………………… (win) the lottery? wore will find gets didn’t have won’t find won

Match A to B to form sentences. A B 1. If there’s a good film on, a. I’d refuse his offer. 2. Dan would fix the TV b. if he’d practised more. 3. He would have played better c. they wouldn’t have been late. 4. If I were you, d. unless you know English. 5. If the car hadn’t broken down, e. I’ll go. 6. You won’t get the job f. if he were here. e f b a c d

Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences. Use the first, second or third conditionals. 1. We didn’t visit the museum because it was closed. We ……………………………… the museum if ……………………… open. 2. The temperature may reach 0º C tonight and the lake will freeze. If the temperature ……………………… 0º C tonight, the lake ……………………… . 3. She hasn’t got a laptop so she can’t work when she’s travelling. If she …………… a laptop, she ……………………… when she travels. 4. Hurry or you’ll miss the bus. You ……………… the bus unless you ……………………… . 5. Bill had an accident because he was careless. If Bill ……………………… careless, he ……………………… an accident. 6. Robbie is only nice to Ellie because she lets him borrow her iPod. Robbie ………………… so nice to Ellie if she ……………………… her iPod. would have visited it had been reaches, will freeze had would be able to work could work would work hurry will miss hadn’t been wouldn’t have had didn’t let him borrow wouldn’t be didn’t lend him

1. These plants ……………………………… if you had given them water. Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the correct form of the affirmative or negative third conditional. have • be • die • hear 1. These plants ……………………………… if you had given them water. 2. If she had wanted to, she ……………………………… a model. 3. The boss would have been angry if he ………………………… us talking. 4. If I ……………………………… a bad cold, I’d have gone to work. wouldn’t have died would have been / could have been had heard hadn’t had

Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentence. Use the words in brackets and the first, second or third conditionals. 1. She has to apologise or I won’t speak to her again. (unless) I . 2. Shorter hair would make her look more attractive. (had) If . 3. We’d better hurry, or the pizza bar will be closed. (open) The pizza bar . 4. You aren’t fit because you don’t exercise enough. (more) Unless . 5. Joe had to reset the computer because it crashed. (not) won’t speak to her again unless she apologises she had shorter hair, she would look more attractive won’t be open unless we hurry / will be open if we hurry you exercise more, you won’t be fit the computer hadn’t crashed, Joe wouldn’t have had to reset it

Translate these sentences: Yo que tú no lo haría. Si me hubieras ayudado habría terminado antes Si no me pagas antes del jueves, llamaré a mi abogado Si has terminado, vete a casa Si no os calláis no hablaré Como no estudie mucho este año supenderé y mis padres no me comprarán la moto Daremos un paseo cuando deje de llover If I were you I wouldn´t do it If you had helped me I would have finished earlier If you don´t pay me by Thursday I´ll call my lawyer If you have finished , go home If I you don´t shut up I won´t talk Unless I study hard this year I´ll fail and my parents won´t buy me the moped We´ll go for a walk when it stops raining