Identificación de los minerales.  To identify a mineral, you need to observe the characteristic features that identify it.  Para identificar un mineral,

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Presentation transcript:

Identificación de los minerales

 To identify a mineral, you need to observe the characteristic features that identify it.  Para identificar un mineral, usted necesita observar las características que lo identifican.  Color Color  Streak Raya  Luster Lustre  Cleavage Hendidura  Fracture Fractura  Density Densidad  Hardness Dureza

 Most minerals are a specific color.  La mayoría de los minerales son un color específico.  3 factors that cause mineral color to vary.  3 factores que hacen color mineral variar. 1. Tiny amounts of an element that is not part of its normal chemical makeup. 1. Cantidades minúsculas de un elemento que no es parte de su maquillaje químico normal.

2. It is in contact with the atmosphere or water. 2. Está en contacto con la atmósfera o el agua. 3. Crystals can have defects in their crystal structures that change their color. 3. Los cristales pueden tener defectos en sus estructuras cristalinas que cambien su color.

The Many Colors of Fluorite

 Streak is the color of the powder left behind when the mineral is scraped across a surface.  La raya es el color del polvo dejado detrás de cuando el mineral se raspa a través de una superficie.  Geologists use a tile of unglazed porcelain, called a streak plate, as a tool to identify minerals by their streaks.  Los geólogos utilizan un azulejo de la porcelana unglazed, llamado una placa de la raya, como herramienta para identificar los minerales por sus rayas.

Examples of Streak

 Luster is the way in which light reflects from its surface.  El lustre es la manera de la cual la luz refleja de su superficie.  The two major types of luster are metallic and nonmetallic. . Los dos tipos principales de lustre son metálicos y nos-metálico.

Metallic/Nonmetallic Luster

 Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces.  La hendidura es la tendencia de un mineral a romperse a lo largo de superficies planas.  The way in which a mineral breaks depends on how its atoms are bonded, or joined together.  La manera la cual un mineral adapta depende de cómo sus átomos son consolidados, o ensamblado junta.

 Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break into irregular pieces.  La fractura es la tendencia de un mineral a romperse en pedazos irregulares.  Some minerals such as quartz break into pieces with curved surfaces.  Algunos minerales tales como cuarzo se rompen en pedazos con las superficies curvadas.

UNEVEN FRACTURE CONCHOIDAL FRACTURE

 Density is the amount of mass in a given volume of the substance.  Densidad es la cantidad de masa en un volumen dado de la sustancia.  Example: Gold and pyrite look very similar but a piece of gold has almost four times the density of a piece of pyrite.  Ejemplo: La mirada del oro y de la pirita muy similar pero un pedazo de oro tiene casi cuatro veces la densidad de un pedazo de pirita.

 Hardness is a mineral’s resistance to being scratched.  La dureza es resistencia de un mineral al rasguño.  A scale known as the Mohs scale is often used to describe a mineral’s hardness.  Una escala conocida como la escala de Mohs es de uso frecuente describir la dureza de un mineral.