Ferdinand de Saussure

Roland Barthes

French army in Algiers

Louis Althusser

BASE / SUPERSTRUCTURE MODEL CULTURE IDEOLOGY (philosophy, religion,etc.) LEGAL SYSTEM POLITICAL SYSTEM Superstructures Base or Infrastructure (RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION (classes)) THE ECONOMIC MODE OF PRODUCTION (eg: capitalism) (FORCES OF PRODUCTION (technology, ecology, population))

LOUIS

Jacques Lacan, topology of subject formation

Real Imaginary Symbolic

“Ideology is a ‘representation’ of the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence.” Louis Althusser (1970)

Sign (form) _______________ Signified (concept) Ideology (form) ______________ Social Formation (concept) Real Imaginary

STRUCTURE OF IDEOLOGY Signifier (Form) ___________________ =Form of Artistic Practice (Practical Theory and Activity) Signified (Concept) _________________ =Ideology Theoretical Problematic (Concepts organizing and limiting aesthetic production) Social Formation IMAGINARY SYMBOLIC

Architecture as an Ideological Mapping of History

STRUCTURE OF IDEOLOGY Signifier (Form) ___________________ =Artistic Practice (Practical Theory and Activity) Signified (Concept) _________________ =Ideology Theoretical Problematic (Concepts organizing and limiting aesthetic production) Social Formation

VENTURI + SCOTT-BROWN “Honky-tonk” or “Pop” form ________________ =Decorated Shed Concept of “Both-And” ________________ =Architecture as Mass Media Complexity and Contradiction Emergent Information- Consumer Society

EISENMAN Grid, rotation, repetition, replication _______________ =“Cardboard Architecture” Formal Self-reflexivity and System _____________ =Autonomous Architecture “Postfunctionalism” Emergent Information- Consumer Society

ALDO ROSSI Pure white single volumes ________________ =Typology Generic iteration ________________ =Architecture as Collective Memory Analogous City Emergent Information- Consumer Society

centralized plan, dome, repetitive parts (Form) ________________________ =Perspective as symbolic form (practice) unified focus, all-controlling spatial order (Concept) ________________________ =The Classical (ideology) universal transcendental subjectivity (theory) (Social Formation) Humanism, propagation of faith, Age of Discovery, City- State

Guarino Guarini SS. Sindone Chapel Turin

concentric circles, detached facades, aggregates, primacy of surface (Form) ________________________ =the Fold (singularities constellated out of force field) (practice) multiplicity, heterogeneity, connectivity (Concept) ________________________ =The Baroque (ideology) Monadology (unity of being, preservation of difference) (theory) (Social Formation) heliocentrism, infinity, cosmic geometry, counter- reformation, colonialism

There has been a mutation in the object, unaccompanied as yet by any equivalent mutation I the subject; we do not yet possess the perceptual equipment to match this new hyperspace... in part because our perceptual habits were formed in that older kind of space... of high modernism. Fredric Jameson

Surely this is exactly what the cognitive map is called upon to do in the narrower framework of daily life in the physical city: to enable a situational representation on the part of the individual subject to that vaster and properly unrepresentable totality which is the ensemble of society’s structures as a whole.