Ripasso di captitolo 6 Il passato prossimo. Come si dice…? Yesterdayieri The day before yesterday Laltro ieri Last week La settimana scorsa (passata)

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Ripasso di captitolo 6 Il passato prossimo

Come si dice…? Yesterdayieri The day before yesterday Laltro ieri Last week La settimana scorsa (passata) A week ago Una settimana fa A month ago Un mese fa A year ago A year ago Un anno fa 10 years ago 10 anni fa TodayOggiTomorrowDomani The day after tomorrow dopodomani

Il passato prossimo In Italian the passato prossimo expresses completed actions that happened a short time ago. In Italian this tense is a compound tense That means the verb has 2 parts: A helping verb (AVERE, or ESSERE) And it has a past participle (participio passato)

Il passato prossimo The participio passato of regular verbs is formed as follows: ARE verbs, drop the ARE and add ATO ERE verbs, drop the ERE and add UTO IRE verbs, drop the IRE and add ITO Examples: Parlare – parlato Ricevere – ricevuto Capire - capito

Ora tocca a voi..Now its your turn Change the infinitive to the past participle 1. Cantare - ______________ 2. Comprare - ____________ 3. Incontrare - ______________ 4. Cercare – ______________ 5. Trovare - ________________ 6. Ricevere - _______________ 7. Avere - _____________ 8. Ripetere - ____________ 9. Sapere - _______________ 10. Dovere - ________________ 11. Capire- _______________ 12. Finire - ______________ 13. Dormire - _______________ 14. Seguire - _______________ 15. Preferire - __________________ (Make sure you know what each verb means)

Il passato prossimo Generally, verbs that take a direct object – verbs that answer the questions: Who (Chi?) or What (Che, che cosa?) use the verb AVERE as a helping verb Examples: Io ho mangiato la pizza Tu hai finito il libro Marco ha ricevuto un pacco. Lisa ha ripetuto la frase Noi abbiamo preferito il pane. Voi avete seguito il corso ditaliano Loro hanno trovato un ristorante nuovo. (Make sure you can translate these sentences into academic English) Remember: Only the helping verb changes with the subject, the participle remains the same.

Ora tocca a voi 1. Ieri, io ___ ______(ballare) il tango. 2. Laltro ieri, tu ___ ______ (finire) la lettera? 3. Una settimana fa, mia sorella (lei) ___ _____ (ricevere) un pacco. 4. Un anno fa, Renato (lui) ___ ______ (giocare) a futball. 5. Noi _____ _______ (vendere) la macchina. 6. Voi _____ _______ (imparare) il francese? 7. Gli studenti ________ _________ (pulire) il loro appartamento. (Make sure you know what each sentence means)

Verbs that take ESSERE Verbs that use ESSERE as the helping verb generally have no direct object. (There are exceptions to this pattern) Verb that use ESSERE are usually verbs of motion – coming and going. Examples are: andare, venire, partire, tornare, uscire, entrare, salire, scendere, Or they are linking verbs, verbs that express state of being for example: essere itself, stare, restare, rimanere, diventare.

More about ESSERE verbs When a verb uses essere as its helping verb the participle acts like an adjective The ending of the participle agrees with the subject of the sentence Examples: Io sono andato in Italia. (Io is singular and masculine.) Io sono andata in Italia. (Io is singular and feminine.) Noi siamo andati in Italia. (Noi is plural masculine or mixed company) Noi siamo andate in Italia. (Noi is plural and all feminine.

Ora tocca a voi Io ____ _____ (andare) al cinema. Tu____ ______ (partire) alle 2. Francesco ___ ______(uscire) con Lisa. Lisa ____ ______ (arrivare) con Francesco. Io e mio fratello (noi) ____ ______ (tornare) prima di mezzanotte. Tu e Giovanni (voi) ____ _______ (entrare) prima di noi. I bambini (loro) _____ ______ (restare) a casa tutta la sera (make sure the participle agrees with the subject; and make sure you can translate the sentences into academic English)

Irregular participles Almost all ARE verbs are regular However most ERE verbs have participles that do NOT follow the pattern There are a small group of IRE verbs that are irregular Page 143 in Oggi in Italia list the most common irregular participles but there are many others. The only way to learn them is to practice, practice, practice, practice, practice and practice.

Qualè il participio passato? DiredettoLeggerelettoFarefattoMetteremessoScriverescrittoNascerenatoMoriremortoEsserestatoSpenderespesoVenirevenuto

prenderePresoVedere Visto (veduto) chiederechiestochiuderechiusorispondererispostoAprireApertoCoprireCopertoScoprirescopertoOffrireOffertoSoffrireSofferto

Qualè il participio passato? BereBevutoDecidereDecisoPerdere Perso (perduto) RimanereRimastoVincerevinto