is~iKAw Aqy AMgryjI rwj smwijk is~iKAw jmwq: A~TvIN pwT: 19 rwm isMG (s.s. mwstr) s. s. s. AklIAw ividAwrQI:- eymnw iqRSw rwxI hrpwl kOr srbjIq

pUrv igAwn is~iKAw kI huMdI hY? is~iKAw nwl juVy BwrqI suDwrk ikhVy ikhVy hn? AMgryjW dI is~iKAw pRxwlI bwry qusIN kI jwxdy ho? purwqn smyN iv~c Bwrq iv~c is~iKAw ikvyN huMdI sI?

AwDuink is~iKAw dw ieiqhws AMgryjW dy Bwrq iv~c Awaux qoN pihlW ie~Qy AwSrmW, pwTSwlwvW, mdr~isAW, mMdrW Aqy msijdW iv~c Dwrimk is~iKAw id~qI jWdI sI[

AMgryjW ny Bwrq iv~c nvIN is~iKAw pRxwlI lwgU kIqI sI[ ies pRxwlI ADIn BwrqI BwSwvW dI QW AMgryjI BwSw Aqy p~CmI swihq dw ivkws krn leI nvyN skUl kwlj Aqy ivSv ividAwly Koly gey[

AwDuink is~iKAw SurU krn dy audyS AMgryjW nUM Bwrq iv~c Awpxw Swsn pRbMD clwaux leI pVy ilKy lokW dI jrUrq sI ijhVy AMgryjI BwSw iv~c g~lbwq kr skdy hox[

AMgryjW dw ivcwr ieh sI ik AMgryjI BwSw is~Ky hoey BwrqI lokW AwswnI nwl iesweI Drm Apxwaux leI rjwmMd kIqw jw skdw hY[

AwDuink is~iKAw dw ivkws Bwrq iv~c AwDuink is~iKAw pRxwlI AMgryjW dy Swsn dOrwn sQwipq hoeI sI[ 1641 eI iv~c eIst ieMifAw kMpnI ny iesweI Drm dw pRcwr krn leI BwrqI lokW nUM is~iKAw dyxI SurU kIqI[

1813 qoN 1854 q~k is~iKAw dw ivkws Srkwr ny 1813 eI: dy cwrtr AYkt Anuswr Bwrq iv~c is~iKAw dw pRswr krn leI hr swl ie~k l~K rupey Krc krn dI Xojnw bxweI[

1823 eI: iv~c is~iKAw nIqI qy ivcwr krn leI kmytI bxweI geI prMqU ies dy mYNbrW iv~ckwr mqByd pYdw ho igAw[

1854 eI: iv~c borf AwP kMtrol dy pRDwn cwrls vu~f ny is~iKAw dy ivkws leI ku~J mh~qvpUrx isPwrSW kIqIAW ijnW nUM vu~f ifspYc ikhw jWdw hY[ cwrls vu~f

vu~f ifspYc dIAW isPwrSW hryk pRWq iv~c is~iKAw dw ivBwg KoilAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ AiDAwpkW dI isKlweI leI is~iKAw sMsQwvW KHolIAW jwxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[ klk~qw, mdrws Aqy bMbeI Awid iv~c ivSv ividAwly sQwipq kIqy jwx[

1882 iv~c hMtr kmISn dIAW isPwrSW pRwievyt skUlW nUM bhuq swrIAW grWtW id~iqAw jwxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[ iesqrIAW dI is~iKAw dw ivSyS pRbMD kIqw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ hMtr kmISn

ividAwrQIAW nUM SrIirk Aqy mwnisk is~iKAw id~qI jexI cwhIdI hY[ sYkMfrI skUlW iv~c suDwr krn dy Xqn kIqy jwx[

BwrqI XUnIvristI kwnMUn 1904 eI: 1904 eI: iv~c lwrf krzn ny BwrqI XUnIvristI AYkt pws kIqw[ ies AYkt nwl XUnIvristIAW auqy srkwr dI dKlAMdwjI v~D geI sI[

1928 iv~c hrtog kmytI dIAW isPwrSW pRwiemrI is~iKAw lwzmI kIqI jwvy[ AiDAwpkW nUM v~D qnKwh id~qI jwvy[ is~iKAw qy PzUl Krc nw kIqw jwvy[

1943 iv~c swrjYNt dIAW isPwrSW pRwiemrI is~iKAw dyx qoN pihlW nrsrI is~iKAw id~qI jwvy[ 6 qoN 15 swl dy ividAwrQIAW nUM muPq is~iKAw id~qI jwvy[ bwlg is~iKAw id~qI jwvy[

is~iKAw Aqy BwrqI suDwrk Bwrq iv~c AMgryjW dI p~CmI is~iKAw pRxwlI dIAW nIqIAW bwry ho rhI bihs iv~c bhuq swry BwrqI ivdvwnW ny ih~sw ilAw[ mdr tYrysw

auhnW iv~coN bhuq swry ivdvwn ies g~l nwl sihmq sn ik p~CmI is~iKAw BwrqIAW iv~c rwStrIAqw dI Bwvnw pYdw krygI jo BwrqI s~iBAwcwr nUM kwiem r~Kx leI jrUrI sI[ eISvr cMd ividAwswgr

rwjw rwm mohn rwey rwjw rwm mohn rwey ny BwrqI lokW iv~c pRcilq AMD ivSvwsW Aqy JUTy rIqI irvwjW nUM Kqm krn leI is~iKAw ivkws dy leI keI Xqn kIqy[ rwjw rwm mohn rwey

svwmI dXwnMd srsvqI is~iKAw dw ivkws krn dy leI svwmI dXwnMd srsvqI jI sMsikRq, vYidk is~iKAw dyx dy nwl nwl p~CmI is~iKAw dyx dy h~k iv~c vI sn[ svwmI dXwnMd srsvqI

svwmI ivvykwnMd svwmI ivvykwnMd jI ny rwmw ikRSn imSn dI sQwpnw kIqI sI[ auhnW Anuswr Drm duAwrw hI smwj dw suDwr ho skdw hY[ svwmI ivvykwnMd

eISvr cMd ividAw swgr eISvr cMd ividAw swgr sMsikRq kwlj dw ipRMsIpl sI[ ausny Awpxy kwlj iv~c sMsikRq isKwaux dw nvW FMg ApxwieAw sI[ ausny lVkIAW dI is~iKAw dy Kyqr iv~c ivSyS Xogdwn id~qw sI[

SRImqI AYnI bysYNt SRImqI AYnI bysYNt ny Bwrq iv~c keI sQwnW qy lVky Aqy lVkIAW leI skUl Aqy kwlj sQwpq kIqy[ ausny bnwrs iv~c kyNdrIAw hweI skul sQwipq kIqw jo bwAd iv~c ihMdU ivSvividAwlw bx igAw sI[ AYnI bysYNt

AiBAws

KwlI sQwn Bro 1)Bwrq iv~c AwDuink is~iKAw pRxwlI dy Swsn dOrwn sQwipq hoeI sI[ 2) 1641 eI iv~c eIst ieMifAw kMpnI ny iesweI Drm dw pRcwr krn leI lokW nUM is~iKAw dyxI SurU kIqI[ 3) 1813 eI: dy cwrtr AYkt Anuswr Bwrq iv~c is~iKAw dw pRswr krn leI hr swl ie~k rupey Krc krn dI Xojnw bxweI[

4)svwmI ivvykwnMd jI ny dI sQwpnw kIqI sI[ 5) eISvr cMd ividAw swgr dw ipRMsIpl sI[ 6) svwmI dXwnMd dyx dy h~k iv~c vI sn[ 7) AMgryjW dw ivcwr ieh sI ik AMgryjI BwSw is~Ky hoey BwrqI lokW AwswnI nwl iesweI Drm Apxwaux leI kIqw jw skdw hY[

1)Bwrq iv~c AwDuink is~iKAw pRxwlI AMgryjW dy Swsn dOrwn sQwipq hoeI sI[ 2) 1641 eI iv~c eIst ieMifAw kMpnI ny iesweI Drm dw pRcwr krn leI BwrqI lokW nUM is~iKAw dyxI SurU kIqI[ 3) 1813 eI: dy cwrtr AYkt Anuswr Bwrq iv~c is~iKAw dw pRswr krn leI hr swl ie~k l~K rupey Krc krn dI Xojnw bxweI[

4) svwmI ivvykwnMd jI ny rwmw ikRSn imSn dI sQwpnw kIqI sI[ 5)eISvr cMd ividAw swgr sMsikRq kwlj dw ipRMsIpl sI[ 6) svwmI dXwnMd p~CmI is~iKAw dyx dy h~k iv~c vI sn[ 7) AMgryjW dw ivcwr ieh sI ik AMgryjI BwSw is~Ky hoey BwrqI lokW AwswnI nwl iesweI Drm Apxwaux leI rjwmMd kIqw jw skdw hY[

TIk glq 1)1904 eI: iv~c lwrf flhOjI ny BwrqI XUnIvristI AYkt pws kIqw[ 2) 1823 eI: iv~c is~iKAw nIqI qy ivcwr krn leI kmytI bxweI geI 3) Bwrq iv~c AwDuink is~iKAw pRxwlI AMgryjW dy Swsn dOrwn sQwipq hoeI sI[ 4) svwmI ivvykwnMd jI ny rwmw ikRSn imSn dI sQwpnw kIqI sI[ 5)eISvr cMd ividAw swgr ihMdI kwlj dw ipRMsIpl sI[

1)glq 2)TIk 3)TIk 4)TIk 5)glq h~l

Coty au~qrW vwly pRSn pR:1 AwDuink is~iKAw SurU krn dy kI audyS sn? au~: AMgryjW nUM Bwrq iv~c Awpxw Swsn pRbMD clwaux leI pVy ilKy lokW dI jrUrq sI ijhVy AMgryjI BwSw iv~c g~lbwq kr skdy hox[ pR:2 is~iKAw nIqI qy ivcwr krn leI kmytI kdoN bxweI geI? au~: 1823 eI: iv~c is~iKAw nIqI qy ivcwr krn leI kmytI bxweI geI[

pR:3 hrtog kmytI dIAW kI isPwrSW sn? au~: pRwiemrI is~iKAw lwzmI kIqI jwvy[ AiDAwpkW nUM v~D qnKwh id~qI jwvy[ is~iKAw qy PzUl Krc nw kIqw jwvy[ pR:4 hMtr kmISn kdoN AwieAw? au~: 1882 eI: iv~c[

pR:5 eISvr cMd ividAw swgr kOx sI? au~: eISvr cMd ividAw swgr sMsikRq kwlj dw ipRMsIpl sI[ pR:6 eIst ieMifAw kMpnI ny iesweI Drm dw pRcwr krn leI kI kIqw? au~: 1641 eI iv~c eIst ieMifAw kMpnI ny iesweI Drm dw pRcwr krn leI BwrqI lokW nUM is~iKAw dyxI SurU kIqI[

v~fy au~qr vwly pRSn pR: 1 Bwrq iv~c AwDuink is~iKAw dw ivkws ikvyN hoieAw ivsQwrpUrvk ilKo[ pR: 2 BwrqI AwDuink is~iKAw iv~c BwrqI suDwrkW dy rol qy cwnxw pwE[

Bibliography pMjwb rwj is~iKAw borf dI A~TvIN jmwq dI ivigAwn ivSy dI pwT pusqk[ ts-turning-to-christianity/ ts-turning-to-christianity/ sity/Indian-Maritime-University.asphttp:// sity/Indian-Maritime-University.asp n_Roy_Jayanti.phphttp:// n_Roy_Jayanti.php