Status of the SPARC project Massimo Ferrario INFN-LNF On behalf of the SPARC team * 31th LNF Scientific Committee Meeting - 29 November 05 *

SPARC Team D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, M. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, G. Gatti, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo, L. Pellegrino, M. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario, M. Zobov (INFN /LNF) F. Alessandria, I. Boscolo, F. Broggi, S.Cialdi, C. DeMartinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, M. Romè, L. Serafini, (INFN /Milano) M. Mattioli, G. Medici, P. Musumeci, M. Petrarca (INFN /Roma1) L. Catani, E. Chiadroni, A. Cianchi (INFN /Roma2) A. Cultrera, A. Perrone (INFN /Lecce) F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A.Renieri, C. Ronsivalle (ENEA/FIS) J. B. Rosenzweig, S. Reiche (UCLA) P. Bolton, D. Dowell, P.Emma, P. Krejick, C. Limborg (SLAC)

LABORATORY @ LNF-INFN

F. Sgamma, S. Tomassini

High Brightness electron beam generation SASE FEL experiments Advanced Accelerator Concepts

A Free Electron Laser is a device that converts electron kinetic energy into coherent radiation via a collective instability in an undulator

Undulator Radiation The electron trajectory is determined by the undulator field and the electron energy The electron trajectory is inside the radiation cone if

Relativistic Mirrors TUNABILITY Counter propagating pseudo-radiation Compton back-scattered radiation in the moving mirror frame Doppler effect in the laboratory frame TUNABILITY

Self-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission Free Electron Laser Self-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission (No Mirrors - Tunability - Harmonics)

SASE Experimental results LEUTL APS/ANL 385 nm September 2000 Since September 2000 3 SASE FEL’s demonstration TTF-FEL DESY 98 nm VISA ATF/BNL 840 nm March 2001

Single Pass FEL Projects TTF / XFEL XFEL 4GLS MIT / Bates LEUTL PAL – FEL LUX BESSY FEL SCSS LCLS LEG VISA / DUV FERMI SPARC / SPARX SC technology / NC technology

SASE FEL Electron Beam Requirements: High Brightness Bn  Bn K2 minimum radiation wavelength energy spread undulator parameter gain length R. Saldin et al. in Conceptual Design of a 500 GeV e+e- Linear Collider with Integrated X-ray Laser Facility, DESY-1997-048

How to increase e- Brightness bunch compressors RF & magnetic Pulse Shaping New Working Point

SPARC Photoinjectors

Electron Photo-Injector

LASER SYSTEM RF Reference f/36 R&S 2,856 GHz Pumps Seed Line Mira Ti:Sa Oscillator Hidra CPA Ti:Sa Amplifier RGA + 2 MP THG UV Stretcher Verdi Nd:YVO4 Continuum Nd:Yag Pumps Seed Line Evolution Nd:YLF Synchro Lock PLL RF Reference R&S 2,856 GHz DAZZLER TeO2 Ext. Synch. f/36 800 nm 50 mJ 10 Hz 100 fs 10 nJ 80 MHz 266 nm 4 mJ 10 Hz 1,8 mJ 0.5-12 ps LASER SYSTEM

CHARACTERIZATION : UPCONVERSION BLUE SPECTRUM SH-BLUE 400 nm UV SPECTRUM TH-UV 266 nm

Cross Correlation measurements theory w t

Emittance Compensation: Controlled Damping of Plasma Oscillation 100 A ==> 150 MeV Brillouin Flow Hokuto Iijima

Matching onto the Local Emittance Max., Optimized matching Final emittance = 0.4 mm Matching onto the Local Emittance Max.,

Movable Emittance-Meter Concept

EMITTANCE-METER Completed Tested at PITZ Installed at SPARC for Gun Beam measurements

Gun and emittance meter installed

GENESIS simulation of the SPARC SASE-FEL Radiation power growth along the undulator @ 530 nm

Project duration 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2002 - Stage I - FEASIBILITY Project formulation Feasibility Study Strategy design Approval 2003-2004- Stage II - PLANNING & DESIGN Base design Detailed Cost and schedule Detailed planning Major contracts for procurement 2004-2005 - Stage III - CONSTRUCTION Manufacturing Delivery Civil works Installation 2006 - Stage IV - COMMISSIONING & OPERATION Final Testing Commissioning Operation

Collaborations and UE programs SPARC DESY BNL UCLA SLAC EUROFEL PITZ RF Compressor Seeding Synchronization

Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) E/E = 0 Dx = R16(s)DE/E bend-plane emittance growth e– R z coherent radiation for  > z overtaking length: L0  (24szR2)1/3 E/E < 0 s x  L0  Powerful radiation generates energy spread in bends Causes bend-plane emittance growth Energy spread breaks achromatic system

Velocity bunching concept

Average current vs RF compressor phase LOW COMPRESSION MEDIUM COMPRESSION HIGH COMPRESSION OVER- COMPRESSION

<I> = 860 A nx = 1.5 m

SEEDING

The SPARC Future ?!

Q-SASE IFEL MAMBO + Channelling SEEDING

APPROVED

The Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multidisciplinary Experiments laser pulses: 50 fs, 800 nm >100 TW @10 Hz

synchronisation uncompressed pulse vacuum compressor acceleration chamber detectors area control & data LINAC UNDULATOR

Ex @ 22Elas (1-cos) Produzioni di impulsi X : 109 fotoni/s, 3 ps, monocromatici tunabili nel range 20 keV - 1 MeV Studi di tecniche di mammografia (e angiografia coronarica) Studi di single molecule protein cristallography.

Mammography Monochromatic Beam Outlook MaMBO Experiment: Mammography Monochromatic Beam Outlook La realizzazione di una immagine (su superficie 18x24 cm2) in tempi di 2600 s scende a 2.6 s con l’upgrade previsto su SPARC che porta il num. di fotoni a 2.5 1011 /s

SEEDING Q-SASE IFEL SASE Seeding Angstrom TTF-II 6 nm LCLS 0.1 nm 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 SASE Seeding Angstrom TTF-II 6 nm LCLS 0.1 nm TESLA X-FEL 0.1 nm

CONCLUSIONS The SPARC&X projects will allow INFN to develop a robust cutting-edge R&D program: - High quality electron beams from a LINAC - Generation of new FEL radiation - X-beam optics, handling, diagnostics, detectors - Advanced Accelerator Concepts

- Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors Know-how on LINACs - Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors - Beam phase-space manipulation - RF-power, Acceleration and Transport - Synchronization, Diagnostics & Control Will allow INFN to contribute with wider and stronger expertise to the future ILC project. Finally, - 5 thesis/year - 6 PhD - 6 Contracts (Ass. Ric., Art. 23) About 10 young Physicists and Engineers, with enthusiasm and motivations, are being educated in the field.

THE END

SPARC Project 7.5 +2.5 M€ (MIUR+INFN) R&D program towards high brightness e-beam for SASE-FEL’s SPARX Phase I 10 + 2.35 M€ (MIUR+INFN) - R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source - Test Facility at 10 nm with the Dafne Linac (SPARXINO) SPARX Phase II 12 M€ ? (MIUR) - Linac energy up-grade (1.5 GeV ?) -> 2 nm ?

Plasmon 14.5 m 1.5m 10.0 m 5.4 m Thomson quadrupoles dipoles 11º 10.0 m 5.4 m quadrupoles dipoles Diagnostic 1-6 Undulator modules Photoinjector solenoid RF sections Plasmon Thomson RF deflector collimator 25º