La narración y la descripción en el pasado (II) Past subjunctive
Review Conditional Tense Conditional Tense means would. For Regular verbs add these endings onto infinitives: -ía -íamos -ías -íais -ía -ían
Review Conditional Tense hablar- would speak decir (dir-)- would say hablaría hablaríamos diría diríamos hablarías hablaríais dirías diríais hablaría hablarían diría dirían
Review Conditional Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs use the same endings but have irregular stems: These verbs have completely irregular stems: decir dir- hacer har-
Review Conditional Irregular Verbs Infinitive stem drops Infinitive stem drops the final the final vowel: vowel and replaces it with a d: caber cabr- poner pondr- haber habr- salir saldr- poder podr- tener tendr- querer querr- valer valdr- saber sabr- venir vendr-
Forming the Past Subjunctive The imperfect past subjunctive is formed by: Conjugate the verb in ellos form preterite tense. Drop the –on Add -a -amos (put an accent on last vowel of the stem) -as -áis -a -an
Irregular Preterite Forms andar anduvieron poder pudieron caber cupieron poner pusieron creer creyeron querer quisieron dar dieron saber supieron decir dijeron ser fueron estar estuvieron tener tuvieron hacer hicieron traer trajeron ir fueron venir vinieron
The Past Subjunctive caminar caminara camináramos caminaras caminarais caminara caminaran beber bebiera bebiéramos bebieras bebierais bebiera bebieran
The Past Subjunctive ir fuera fuéramos fueras fuerais fuera fueran dormir durmiera durmiéramos durmieras durmierais durmiera durmieran
The Past Subjunctive Independent Clause Dependent Clause Present Indicative Present Future Indicative Subjunctive Past Indicative Past (aka preterite & imperfect) Subjunctive Conditional
Si clauses- Indicative Si Marcos está en su cuarto, está escuchando música. If Marcos is in his room, he is listening to music. Si tengo bastante dinero, compraré una moto. If I have enough money, I will buy a motorcycle. Note: both of these “if” clauses convey the idea that the result caused by the conditional (si) clause is positive.
The Past Subjunctive Si clauses The imperfect subjunctive (or pluperfect) is used in an “if” clause to express a hypothetical, contrary-to-fact statement. Si quisiera la cámara, la habría comprado. If I wanted the camera, I would buy it. (I don´t want it)
The Past Subjunctive Si clauses The imperfect subjunctive (or pluperfect) is also used after como si, meaning as if. Le preguntaron a José como si él supiera todas las respuestas. They asked José as if he knew all the answers. (He doesn´t know all of them.)
Sequencing of Tenses- if clauses “if” clause Result clause Present Indicative Present Indicative Si el libro es caro, yo no lo compro. If the book is expensive, I don’t buy it. Present Indicative Future (Indicative) Si el libro es caro, yo no lo compraré. If the book is expensive, I will not buy it.
Sequencing of Tenses- if clauses “if” clause Result clause Imperfect Subjunctive Conditional Indicative Si el libro fuera caro, yo no lo compraría. If the book were expensive, I wouldn´t buy it. Plueperfect Subjunctive Conditional Perfect Indicative Si el libro hubiera sido caro, yo no lo habría comprado. If the book had been expensive, I wouldn´t have bought it.