How Do We Know What We Know? Neuroscience Methods.

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Presentation transcript:

How Do We Know What We Know? Neuroscience Methods

Tools for Viewing Brain Structure Neuroanatomy Cell Body Staining Tract (Myelin) Staining Tract Tracing Immunocytochemistry

Tools for Viewing Brain Function Neurophysiology Where can signals be recorded? Channels Inside Outside Many “Patch Clamp” “Intracellular” “Extracellular” “Mass Unit”

Tools for Viewing Brain Function Neurophysiology Where can signals be recorded? x x x 1 = EEG 2 = ECoG 3 = Intracranial

Tools for Viewing Brain Function Neurophysiology Patch Clamp Recording Intracellular Recording Extracellular Recording Mass Unit Recording Evoked Potentials Electrocorticography (ECoG) Electroencephalography (EEG) Where can signals be recorded?

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Emotiv Demo

Brain Imaging Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

CT scan Also called a CAT scan Computerized axial tomography X-ray of brain tissue Shows brain structure Brain Imaging

PET scan Positron Emissions Tomography Patients drinks radioactive glucose and image shows areas of brain activity. Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Exposes brain to magnetic field Shows brain structure Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity

fMRI Functional MRI Uses magnetic field Detects blood flow changes Not harmful Shows brain structure and activity Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity

Behavioral Neuroscience Stereotaxic Surgery Lesion Production/Injury Electrical Brain Stimulation Microinjection

Injury – Clinical Findings Paul Broca and “Tan”

Injury – Clinical Findings Phineas Gage

Brain Mapping Finding out what each part of the brain does Electrical Brain Stimulation Also: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation