Respiratory Physiology - introduction Daniel Hodyc Department of Physiology UK 2.LF.

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Presentation transcript:

Respiratory Physiology - introduction Daniel Hodyc Department of Physiology UK 2.LF

1. Pulmonary Ventilation 2. Mechanics of Breathing 3. Ventilation/perfusion ratio, regulation 4. Regulation of Breathing Respiratory Physiology

1. Pulmonary ventilation - transport of gases to alveoli 2. Pulmonary diffusion factors determining gas transport across the membrane 3. Perfusion 4. Ventilation/perfusion ratio Gas transport in lungs

1. Partial pressure 2. Lung volumes and capacities 3. Alveolar ventilation 4. Anatomical and functional death space, effective ventilation Pulmonary ventilation

Partial pressure of the gas - in determined by its concentration in the mixture and by the overall pressure of the gas mixture P atm O 2 = P atm * FO 2 P atm O 2 = 740 torr * 0,21 - in the liquid - partial pressure of the gas component, which is balanced with the liquid

Lung volumes and capacities tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume residual volume

Lung volumes and capacities Spirometer - measurement of lung volumes - measurement of the oxygen consumption

Measurement of residual volume and FRC - helium equilibration method Uneven ventilationInaccurate measurement C 1 * V 1 C 2 * (V 1 + V 2 )

Measurement of functional residual capacity - pletysmograph Boyl´s law: P * V = const P 1 * V 1 = P 1 ´ * (V 1 - dV) P 2 * V 2 = P 2 ´ * (V 2 + dV) V 2 = FRC P 1 * V 1 P 2 * V 2

Air composition in respiratory system

Alveolar ventilation 0202 C0 2 ventilation of anatomic dead space inspiration expiration

Alveolar ventilation

Relationship between tidal volume, frequency and effective ventilation Minute ventilation ml/min Tidal volume ml Frekvency c/s Alveolar Ventilation ml/min Ventilation Anat. dead space ml/min Effective ventilation % Why not to breathe with minimal frequency? Work of breathing

Measurement of anatomic dead space Fowler´s method - insp - 100% exp - nitrogen concentration measurement VDVD

Physiologic dead space ventilated but not perfused alveoli P E CO 2 P A CO 2 P a CO 2 VTVT VAVA V Aeff ventilation of anatomic dead space ventilation of physiologic dead space VDVD VTVT = P aCO2 P ECO2 P aCO2 - Bohr equation

Uneven ventilation The worst ventilation - apical parts

- lung volumes measurable by spirometer (VT,IRV,ERV) - RV, FRC - measurable by He, plethysmograph - anatomic dead space - effective ventilation and respiratory frequency, work of breathing - physiologic dead space, Summary

Thank you for your attention Pictures and schemes – J.B.West - Respiratory Physiology, LWW - Guyton, Hall - Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th

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