 Where do you live and what season is it?  Seasons are caused by our 23.5 degree tilt and our revolution around the sun - Most sun energy is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses

 Land, air, and water absorb and reflect energy from the sun  Hot air rises at the equator and sinks when cooled  Earths rotation and unequal heating causes global wind patterns

 Regional Weather

 Supports life, creates weather and ocean currents  Troposphere (weather layer) contains 21% Oxygen and 78% Nitrogen  Stratosphere contains ozone responsible for shielding out harmful rays

 Water is present in the atmosphere in three states: liquid, solid, and gaseous (vapor)  Sun drives the water cycle -Water vapor enters through evaporation -Water vapor cools forming clouds (liquid) -When droplets are to heavy they fall as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet)

 There is an interaction between the ocean surface and the atmosphere above  Water holds a huge amount of heat (heat sinks and heat sources)

 Equatorial oceans absorbs heat from the air  Polar oceans transfer heat to the air  Both contribute to atmosphere and currents

 Causes Rotation of the earth Tides Salinity & Temperature

Our Physical Earth  Temperature/Pressure  Internal Heat Sources  Physical Behavior of Matter: Convection  Earth’s Layered Interior: Density/Gravity  Plate Tectonics & Change over time

Temperature/Pressure Temperature inside earth increases with depth Pressure inside earth increases with depth 1 atm. of pressure = our atm. In water = 33.3ft. Imagine the pressure, 4,000 miles to the core.

Internal Heat Sources  The engine within that drives our magnetic field, plate tectonics, fuels volcanism, and generates earthquakes…  So what are the sources of this heat?

Behavior of Matter: Convection Convection in the rocky mantle powers plate tectonics and drives many of the geological processes we observe at the surface.

Earth’s Interior: Density/

Plate Tectonics:  A dynamic surface that is changing 24/7.265….over millions to billions of YEARS: GEOLOGIC TIME

Plate Boundaries:  3 Types of plate boundaries:

 System- a collection of interdependent parts enclosed within a defined boundary. Within Earth’s boundary are four interdependent parts  Hydrosphere  Water portion of our planet Atmosphere  Gaseous envelope that surrounds are planet Geosphere  The solid, non-living Earth (Crust to Core) Biosphere  Includes all living organisms on Earth

 Spheres of Earth are closely connected An event that causes change in one often leads to changes in others  Birds (Biosphere) fly through the air (atmosphere)  Water (Hydrosphere) flows through soil (Geosphere)  Sewerage (Biosphere) drains from pipes directly into the water (Hydrospere)  Lets brainstorm more as of these interactions as a class!

 Events caused by living organisms (Biological) Oil Spill Air Pollution Population Growth  Naturally Occurring Events (Geophysical) El Nino Volcanic Eruption Earthquake

 Understanding interactions occurring between earth systems allows people to predict the outcome of events Determine the environmental effects of building a coal-burning power plant before beginning construction  It is also helps people to prepare for the effects of natural disasters Determine the environmental impacts of a large volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens

 Event- Every 3-7 years a change in ocean currents off Peru, South America Cause- Weak trade winds result in a warm mass of water expands eastward to South America Effects- Increase surface temps in South Pacific  Weather patterns in North America  Alters Global Air Currents  Hydrosphere-Atmosphere  Warmer water decreases nutrient availability for fish  Fish populations are reduced  Hydrosphere-Biosphere

 Event-Mount Saint Helens Erupts Underlying molten material from Earth’s Interior increases pressure on Earth’s surface and results in an enormous volcanic eruption Causes  Melts nearby glacial ice  Kills large populations of plants and animals  Large amounts of volcanic ash are emitted into the atmosphere Effects  Nearby bodies of water (streams, rivers, and lakes) flood  Geosphere-Hydrosphere  Due to large plant and animal die-offs the food chain is disrupted  Geosphere- Biosphere  Volcanic ash in the atmosphere blocks the suns rays and changes global weather patterns  Geosphere- Atmospere

 Event - Ozone depletion above Antarctica Cause  Chlorine and Bromine containing substances (propellants in aerosol cans, styrofoam) are released into the air.  Sunlight catalyzes chemical reaction in chlorine and bromine and deplete ozone Effect  Increases levels of ultra-violet B radiation around the world  Atmosphere-Hydrosphere  Chronic exposure to UV radiation causes skin cancer, cataracts etc.  DNA mutation occurring in plants  Atmosphere-Biosphere