Training Developed by the Chemical Eye and Face Protection Training Guidance for Shipboard Maintenance Personnel, Work-Center Supervisors, Safety Officers, Hazardous Material Coordinators and Medical Department Personnel Training Developed by the Navy PPE Working Group and Naval Safety Center Last Updated: 05 March 2013

Various pictures of Sailors wearing protection.

Objectives: This presentation is designed to Provide essential information on chemical eye and face protection for: Maintenance personnel Work Center Supervisors Safety Officers Hazardous Materials Coordinators Medical Department Representatives Correct common misunderstandings and ineffective use of chemical eye protection

Navy PPE Training Requirements OPNAVINST 5100.23G, paragraph 2013(a) Activities shall provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE to include at least the following: (1) When PPE is necessary (2) What PPE is necessary (3) How to properly don, doff, adjust and wear PPE (4) The limitations of the PPE (5) The proper care, maintenance, useful life, storage and disposal of the PPE (6) Ability to recognize that defective or damaged PPE shall not be used OPNAVINST 5100.19E, paragraph B1202(c) Division officers shall ensure that assigned personnel are adequately trained on the type and proper use of PPE required at their work stations… OPNAVINST 5100.19E requires Division Officers to ensure that training on PPE (including eye and face protection) has been performed for those who require it. However, the instruction is a bit vague on what that training should consist of. OPNAVINST 5100.23G offers additional detail on training topics and can be used by shipboard personnel to design training for their PPE users and to ensure that critical elements are covered.

How to Use This Training Be sure to review the instructor notes contained within this training as they provide important additional details This presentation can be downloaded from: Naval Safety Center’s Safety Officer Training Materials web page (see notes) NAVSEA’s Maritime DC and PPE Information Center web page (see notes) Naval Safety Center’s Safety Officer Training Materials web page: http://www.public.navy.mil/navsafecen/Pages/osh/SafetyOfficer/Training_Material.aspx NAVSEA’s Maritime DC and PPE Information Center web page: http://www.dcfpnavymil.org/Personnel%20Protection/HMUG/eye/eye-index.html

First Things First Before working with chemicals, always check Maintenance Requirement Card (MRC) The product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheets (SDS) The command Industrial Hygiene (IH) survey report Receive training on applicable PPE This Chemical Eye and Face PPE training is available on the Naval Safety Center web site (see notes) Federal and Navy regulations require that MSDS/SDS be readily available to all personnel who work with chemicals or chemical products. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are a part of the new Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) and provide similar information as an MSDS but in a more standardized format. See 29 CFR 1910.1200 (OSHA Hazard Communication Standard) for more information. The MSDS/SDS give specific hazard data, information on potential health effects, appropriate PPE, first aid measures, firefighting measures, how to clean spills, etc. The IH survey report lists general areas and work tasks requiring PPE. Contact your command safety officer or maintenance office for additional guidance. Naval Safety Center’s Safety Officer Training Materials web page: http://www.public.navy.mil/navsafecen/Pages/osh/SafetyOfficer/Training_Material.aspx

PPE Should Be the Last Resort! Problems with PPE It can fail Sailor can forget to wear it It can be worn improperly Can the Sailor be protected by other means (see notes)? Substitution Engineering Controls Administrative Controls If the above controls are not feasible or not protective enough, then PPE is appropriate PPE should always be a last resort to protect personnel. Why? Because if the person fails to wear the PPE, or if the PPE is worn incorrectly or has a problem, the person is exposed to the hazard. Other control strategies should be considered before PPE: Substitution Can you replace the hazardous product/chemical with a less hazardous one? Engineering Controls Can you engineer the hazard out so Sailor doesn’t have to do anything to be protected. For example: Enclose Gas Turbine engine to reduce noise Parts cleaning in a glove box (abrasive blasting) as opposed to hand grinding Administrative Controls Procedures that, if followed, will help reduce risk. For example: Reduced Stay Times in hazardous noise and heat stress areas

Types of Eye Protection Chemical Protection Chemical goggles Indirectly vented (“splash proof”) Non-vented Impact and Particle Protection Safety Glasses Impact goggles Radiation Protection Welder’s goggles and helmets This training concentrates on Chemical Protective eye wear This training presentation focuses mainly on impact and chemical protective eyewear.

Did You Know? The Navy requires that eye protection must be stamped with “Z-87+” See OPNAVINST 5100.19E, paragraph B0506(a) and OPNAVINST 5100.23G, paragraph 2004. “Z-87+” indicates that the eye protection meets the standard criteria of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z-87.1-2010 for eye and face protective devices (Occupational and Education Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices)

ANSI Z-87.1 Standard What does it mean? American National Standards Institute Indicates that the eye protection has undergone thorough safety testing using best known methods and procedures Eye protection without the “Z87+” designation should not be used for protection Note: equipment that meets ANSI Z-87.1 standard doesn’t necessarily mean you’re using the right eye protection for the job Ex. ESS Flight Deck Goggles for protection against liquid chemicals (see notes) Flight Deck Goggles generally do not offer good protection against liquid chemicals and shouldn’t be used for that purpose. The reason for this is that they have a soft, foam gasket around the goggles which can absorb liquid chemical splashes and allow drips into the interior of the goggle. The foam can also keep absorbed chemicals against the skin for extended periods of time and can be very difficult to clean. Note: Even if it meets the ANSI Z87.1 standard, eye protection that only protects from impact and/or flying particles should NOT be used for protection against industrial chemicals because the ventilation openings in the top and side protection area of the frames open straight through the goggle and will allow passage of liquids.

NSTM 670 Vol. 2 Hazardous Materials User’s Guide (HMUG) Contains PPE recommendations and information for 20 chemical groups Eye and face protection Gloves Clothing Foot protection Respiratory protection Previously was OPNAVINST 5100.28 HMUG was incorporated into NSTM 670 in June 2012 The HMUG is the Hazardous Material User’s Guide. The HMUG used to contained in OPNAVINST 5100.28. However, the HMUG was incorporated into Naval Ship’s Technical Manual (NSTM) 670, Volume 2 in June of 2012. OPNAVINST 5100.28 was cancelled on 25 Feb 2013. The HMUG contains information related to chemical hazards and proper PPE (hand, eye, face, footwear, etc.) to protect against them. Even though the HMUG is now incorporated in an NSTM (Naval Ship’s Technical Manual), it’s still a great reference for personnel both afloat and ashore and can be used to cross-check what type of PPE is recommended for many different chemical types.

Chemical Protective Eyewear

OSHA Definition of a Goggle Safety goggles are intended to shield the wearer's eyes from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. Goggles fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes and form a protective seal around the eyes. This prevents objects from entering under or around the goggles.  Safety goggles may incorporate prescription lenses mounted behind protective lenses for individuals requiring vision correction. Take time to consider specific lens, frame, and ventilation options when selecting safety goggles. 

Non-Vented Goggles Provide impact AND liquid/vapor protection. Can be used for: Working with liquids or chemicals with irritating vapors Should always be used when working with solvents, fuels, and oxidizers. See NSTM 670, Part II (HMUG)* Grinding Sanding Note that there are NO vents on these goggles!

Non-Vented Goggles Note that there are no ventilation holes in these goggles. They provide the most protection against chemical splashes, but may be more susceptible to fogging (depending on environmental conditions like heat/humidity).

Chemical Goggles Provide impact and splash resistance Good for: Painting Priming Stripping Jobs that may result in chemical splashes NOTE: NSTM 670 HMUG recommends non-vented goggles for certain materials (fuel, solvent, or oxidizer) Note the liquid trap vents This type of goggle is often referred to as “splash-proof” or “indirectly vented”. This type of goggle also provides impact protection.

Chemical Splash Proof/Indirectly Vented Goggles Ventilation Tabs The white tabs do allow air to enter so that lens fogging is kept to a minimum. The tabs are designed in such a way that liquids would have to go under the tab and make a 180 degree turn to enter the goggles, so these provide good protection from liquid splashes.

This slide contains 3 photos of eye injuries caused by exposure to chemicals or particles. The injuries could have been avoided, or at least minimized, by proper use of eye protection.

Eye protection that only protects from impact and/or flying particles should NOT be used for protection against industrial chemicals because the ventilation openings in the top and sides open straight through the goggle and will allow passage of liquids

Safety Glasses Provide ONLY protection from impact or flying particles Milling Drilling Cutting Punching metal Can use goggles instead, if desired Safety glasses do not provide protection from chemicals in liquid, gas, or vapor forms. They only provide protection from impact and/or debris.

This is a photo showing three pairs of safety glasses which meet the ANSI Z-87.1 standard (“Z-87+” is stamped in the corner of the lenses).

Vented Impact Goggles Only provide protection from impact and from flying particles Can be used for: Chipping Needle gunning Drilling Sawing And any job with large flying debris Not for protection against liquids, vapors, or gases Note the multiple vents This type of goggle does not provide protection from liquids, gases, or vapors. It’s intended for protection against impact and/or flying particles. Liquids chemicals and hazardous gases/vapors can enter through the ventilation holes. Impact goggles that have “Z-87+” stamped on them (usually in the corner of the lens) meet the ANSI Z-87.1 testing standard. If you find goggles or safety glasses that don’t have Z-87+ stamped on them, do not use and discard. It’s recommended that vented goggles only be used during operations where particle/impact protection is needed, or when no chemical splash is possible.

Ventilation Holes The ventilation holes allow liquid chemicals, as well as irritating gases/vapors, to enter.

Flight Deck Goggles Don’t use for protection against liquid chemicals! Flight Deck Goggles generally do not offer good protection against liquid chemicals and shouldn’t be used for that purpose (though they may meet the ANSI Z87.1 standard). The reason for them not being the best choice for chemical use is that they have a soft, foam gasket around the goggles which can absorb liquid chemical splashes and allow drips into the interior of the goggle. Personnel fueling aircraft on the flight deck should be especially careful to ensure no fuel gets on this foam. If it does, replacing the goggles with a fresh pair is recommended as fuel vapors can irritate the eye and fuel drips can enter the interior of the goggles and damage the cornea.

Note the soft foam barrier on the top of the goggle which can absorb liquid chemicals and allow them to drip into the interior of the goggles.

Face Shield Is used to protect your face from flying debris or chemical splashes It is not a substitute for other eye protection Must use with some other form of eye protection Required along with splash-proof or non-vented goggles when pouring/mixing liquid chemicals A key point is that a faceshield is FACE protection… NOT eye protection!! Faceshields must always be used with eye protection (splash-proof of non-vented goggles for liquids or hazardous gases/vapors). Again, look for that “Z-87+” stamp.

This photo illustrates the importance of wearing a faceshield. Imagine what this person’s face would have looked like had they not been wearing this piece of gear. It also illustrates how easily splashed material could get into the eye if the proper type of eye protection is not worn with the faceshield. What type of eye protection do you think should have been worn with this faceshield?

Chemical Eye and Face PPE Selection Matrix The Navy PPE Working Group developed a matrix which helps shipboard maintenance personnel and their supervisors Illustrates NSTM 670 HMUG chemical protective eye and face PPE recommendations Can be downloaded from (See Notes) : Naval Safety Center’s Safety Officer Training Materials webpage (see Notes) NAVSEA’s Maritime DC and PPE Information Center (see Notes) Naval Safety Center’s Safety Officer Training Materials web page: http://www.public.navy.mil/navsafecen/Pages/osh/SafetyOfficer/Training_Material.aspx NAVSEA’s Maritime DC and PPE Information Center web page: http://www.dcfpnavymil.org/Personnel%20Protection/HMUG/eye/eye-index.html

This slide shows the basic instructions on how to use the Chemical Eye and Face PPE selection matrix. If the eye protection required by the MRC is not available then use the matrix to determine if there’s a suitable alternative for the HMUG chemical group of interest.

This is a screen shot of the Chemical Eye and Face Protection Selection Matrix. Notice that vented goggles, safety glasses, and Flight Deck goggles are not good choices if chemical protection is required. Each type of protection in the top row is a hyperlink that will take the user to the appropriate page for that equipment type. Each of those pages contain photos, NSNs, and other information helpful to the matrix user.

NAVSEA SPIN Standard PMS Item Name (SPIN) on the shipboard Maintenance Requirement Card The SPIN is used to ensure that the proper tool, equipment, or item is being used or ordered. SPIN: Standard PMS Item Name. This is a number which is associated with a particular item (like an item #). The SPIN for various types of PPE is listed in the Chemical Protective Hand, Eye, and Face PPE matrix.

Let’s Run Through a Scenario

Alternate Eye Protection Selection Suppose an MRC requires the use of Toluene Toluene is a Solvent, HMUG Group #9 The MRC requires Non-Vented Goggles (SPIN #03707) However, non-vented goggles are currently unavailable onboard. Supply reorders the goggles but they won’t arrive for over a week Use the matrix to determine what other eye protection may be an acceptable alternative

Go to the Chemical Eye and Face Protection matrix and find the appropriate HMUG Group (Group 9 in this example). You can see that the Splash-Proof goggles are an acceptable alternative to use. Note: a faceshield should also be used if splashing of the toluene is a hazard. What if the maintenance chemical was hydrochloric acid and required the use of Splash-Proof goggles that are unavailable? Is there a good alternate?

Proper Eye and Face PPE Storage Do not store eye protection in tool box due to potential for scratching lens Do not store eye or face protection in HAZMAT locker due to potential chemical contamination and degradation of protective material Ensure safety glasses and goggles are properly cleaned prior to storage Do not hang goggles by their elastic headband

A Key to Success Wearing the proper PPE! Most mishaps occur when proper PPE is available but not worn (or worn improperly) Goggles on forehead “I’ll just take these off for a minute” Face shields used without protective eyewear Work Center Supervisors MUST be the first line of enforcement Always wear the appropriate PPE properly.

Another Key to Success Make sure your eye and face protection is in good condition! Clean safety glasses, goggles, faceshield No cracks or damaged lenses Make sure the elastic headband on goggles is still elastic (stretchy) Make sure tabs aren’t missing from splash-proof goggles If lenses are severely scratched order a new pair Making sure your eye and face protection is in good condition is a KEY aspect of the PPE program.

Feedback If you identify problems with PPE recommendations in the MRC, NSTM 670 HMUG, or other references contact your Work Center Supervisor Submit a feedback report using the appropriate form (usually in the reference itself) so that the problem can be resolved Most technical manuals have a feedback form that can be used to bring problems, discrepancies, or general suggestions for program improvement to the document owner’s attention.

Other Eye and Face Protection Resources Federal OSHA PPE Guide (see notes) NIOSH Eye Safety webpage (see notes) Eye protection manufacturer web sites The link to the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) PPE guide is: http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3151.pdf The link to the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Skin Exposures and Effects web page is: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/eye/

If you have questions or comments regarding this presentation please contact the Naval Safety Center feedback line: safe-oshfdbk@navy.mil

If you don't know,ask! Contact your friendly neighborhood safety officer/manager, supporting installation safety office, supporting industrial hygienist, Echelon 2 safety office, or Naval Safety Center if you have questions.