French Revolution- A rebellion against Louis XVI. Created a French constitution Foreign Policy- Actions of a nation directed at other nations Unconstitutional- Not permitted by the constitution Federalist- Wanted a strong federal government

1789- France in major debt 7 Years War (French and Indian War) American Revolution Famine People literally starving Enlightenment Theory People can rule themselves No need for a King

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette First Estate Roman Catholic Clergy.5% of population Second Estate Nobility 1.5% of population but controlled 20% of land First Two Estates Paid NO Taxes

Everyone else 98% of population Ranged from merchants to serfs Paid all the taxes No real class mobility First Two Estates depended on their labor

Convocation of Estates General met at Versailles 3 rd estate declared the “Tennis Court Oath” Troops converge on Paris Revolutionaries Storm the Bastille to acquire weapons Still celebrate “Bastille Day” on July 14 th Louis and Marie Antoinette imprisoned Other European countries seek to restore Monarchy

Louis XVI executed in January, 1793 Guillotined Declare war on Britain and The Dutch In addition to Austria (Maries Brother), Prussia, Spain and Portugal Maximillian Robespierre in charge Summary executions follow 16,000 Guillotined and 40,000 total executed

Marie Antoinette sent to the guillotine in October, 1794 Royalists revolt in Toulon put down thanks to an artillery captain (relatively low rank) He is promoted to Brigadier General His Name… Napoleon Bonaparte

The United States supported the revolution in spirit The U.S. did not want to get involved in a war in Europe The U.S. had signed a treaty with France making them allies Other European nations were concerned with events in France Worried the ideas would spread Washington decided on neutrality Neutrality proclamation of 1793 Britain and France intercepted ships from the U.S. heading for the other countries ports

Early on there were no political parties, but issues divided politicians Manufacturing or farming Hamilton wanted manufacturing like England Jefferson wanted farms Federal or State Power Hamilton wanted federal power Jefferson wanted strong states National Bank Jefferson was against a national bank Unconstitutional Hamilton was for a national bank Loose interpretation of the constitution Britain or France Hamilton favored Britain, a major trading partner Jefferson preferred France, our first ally

Americans feared political parties as they saw what came of them in England Politicians began to work within the party for personal gain as opposed to the public good By the time Washington left office in 1797, parties were beginning to emerge In response to congress siding with Hamilton on several key issues, Jefferson and James Madison formed a group to support their own policies

Republicans and Federalists Jefferson supporters called themselves “Democratic Republicans” Included mainly farmers, artisans and some wealthy planters Hamilton's supporters called themselves “Federalists” Wanted a strong federal government Included merchants and manufacturers

Republicans Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr as VP Federalists John Adams for President and Thomas Pinckney VP No “tickets” at this time, first place was President, second place was VP Adams (F) president and Jefferson (R) VP As one might expect, this pairing became quite interesting