Medication Administration By: Carolyn McCune RN, BSN, MSN, CRNP

Percutaneous Administration Medications application to the skin or mucus membranes Ointments, creams, powders, lotions, solutions into the mouth, eye, ear, nose, or vagina. Medications inhaled into the lungs Reduced incidence of side effects but can be messy.

Creams, lotions and ointments Creams Lotions Ointments Patient teaching-Very important if patient or family administering Always review the 6 patient rights for drug administration.

Dressings Medicated dressings to treat wounds Some protect

Patch Testing for Allergens To identify sensitivity to allergens The antigens are placed in direct contact with the skin and read in 3 and 7 days. May vary with testing A redness or swelling will occur if positive

Nitroglycerin Ointment Used for relief of anginal pain Appying: Always wear gloves Measure appriopriate amount Rotate application site Cover with plastic wrap and tape in place Wash hands after applying Education and teaching

Transdermal Delivery Systems Transdermal disk-controlled release of medication. Applying the disk Education to patient

Medications to Mucous Membranes Buccal tablets/Sublingual meds Technique and Education Eye Drops and ointments Techniques and Education Nose drops Techniques and Education

Mucous Membranes Continued Ear drops: Infants-pull earlobe down and back under 3 years of age Adults and over 3 years-pull up and back Education Nose drops and sprays Technique and Education

Medications by Inhalation Nebulae-sprayed into throat by nebulizer Aerosols-use a flow of air or oxygen uder pressure to get medications into the respiratory tract. May be done by respiratory therapy. Education Vaginal medications(applicators, suppositories, and douches. Technique and education

Starts Chapter 9 Enteral meds-drugs enter directly into the GI tract Oral, tube, rectal

Administering Meds Unit dose(single dose) Souffle cup Medicine cup dropper Teaspoon Oral syringe Nipple

Enteral Administration Enteral-into the GI tract by oral, rectal or nasograstic. Safest and most conventient Slowest and least dependable NG method-if unable to swallow Rectal route: bypassing the digestive system and avoids stomach irritation.

Oral administration Dose forms: Capsules Time released Lozenges Pills Tablets Emulsions Suspensions Syrups

Medications by Nasogastric,Gastrostomy, or JejunostomyTube Liquid form of drug if available Tablet form Always flush with water

Rectal Suppositories and Enemas Technique Education Review: Always use 6 medication right Must know how to education the patient and family regarding administration of meds

Start Chapter 10 Parenteral administration-

Parenteral administration Route other than the enteral or GI tract Subcutaneous Intramuscular or Intravenous Onset more rapid, less dosage

Administration of medications by route other than GI tract This will be covered in lab You must know sites for SC and IM injections-please review prior to lab

Intradermal Route Injected to produce a Wheal Absorption is slow Technique and education