Anatomy Technical FOPH BBFF Monteggia Galeazzi Essex-Lop. Fat Pads Peds Elbow Supracond. Lat. condyle Med. epicon. 4 © 2013 Ken L Schreibman, PhD/MD www.schreibman.info.

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Anatomy Technical FOPH BBFF Monteggia Galeazzi Essex-Lop. Fat Pads Peds Elbow Supracond. Lat. condyle Med. epicon. 4 © 2013 Ken L Schreibman, PhD/MD Elbow & Forearm Trauma RSNA 18 of 99  Elbow CT: Positioning We don’t scan patients with their elbow down at their side  Excess radiation across torso  X-ray scatter decreases res. NEVER scan patients with their elbow laying on their abdomen  Elbow moves with patient breathing  Makes it impossible to get good reformats  Instead get terrible images like this   - WRONG WAY CT Scout

Anatomy Technical FOPH BBFF Monteggia Galeazzi Essex-Lop. Fat Pads Peds Elbow Supracond. Lat. condyle Med. epicon. 4 © 2013 Ken L Schreibman, PhD/MD Elbow & Forearm Trauma RSNA 19 of 99  Elbow CT: Positioning - RIGHT WAY Elbow over head!  Avoids torso radiation  Avoids scatter from torso Supine = OK Prone/Decubitus = OK Optimal Position  Elbow straight  Head bent out of field However the patient is most comfortable

Anatomy Technical FOPH BBFF Monteggia Galeazzi Essex-Lop. Fat Pads Peds Elbow Supracond. Lat. condyle Med. epicon. 4 © 2013 Ken L Schreibman, PhD/MD Elbow & Forearm Trauma RSNA 20 of 99  Elbow CT: Positioning - BEST WAY S,Y 30yoM CT Scout Straight arm & elbow Perpendicular to CT scanning plane  Easier reformatting  Yields highest resolution reformats SagittalReformat CoronoidFracture

Anatomy Technical FOPH BBFF Monteggia Galeazzi Essex-Lop. Fat Pads Peds Elbow Supracond. Lat. condyle Med. epicon. 4 © 2013 Ken L Schreibman, PhD/MD Elbow & Forearm Trauma RSNA 21 of 99  Elbow CT: Positioning This is the position to avoid! with arm parallel to CT scanning plane - With a cast… CT Scout T,B 65yoF SagittalReformat Streak artifacts from scanning length of forearm limits resolution

Anatomy Technical FOPH BBFF Monteggia Galeazzi Essex-Lop. Fat Pads Peds Elbow Supracond. Lat. condyle Med. epicon. 4 © 2013 Ken L Schreibman, PhD/MD Elbow & Forearm Trauma RSNA 22 of 99  Elbow CT: Positioning This is a better position with arm oblique to CT scanning plane - With a cast… CT Scout R,A 27yoF SagittalReformat CoronoidFracture Minimizes forearm streak artifacts Minimizes radiation to patient’s head

Anatomy Technical FOPH BBFF Monteggia Galeazzi Essex-Lop. Fat Pads Peds Elbow Supracond. Lat. condyle Med. epicon. 4 © 2013 Ken L Schreibman, PhD/MD Elbow & Forearm Trauma RSNA 23 of 99  Elbow CT: Reformat in 6 planes 3 planes relative to distal humerus 3 planes relative to proximal forearm  Off Sagittal reference image: 1)Axial to Humerus 2)Axial to Forearm 3)Coronal to Radius 4)Coronal to Ulna  Off Axial Humerus reference: 5)Parallel to Inter-Epicondyle Line 6)Perpendicular to Epicondyle Line If elbow is straight, only need 3! UW 2-page Protocol Sheets Positioning ReformattingReformatting