Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compound Models R = A chain of carbons C – C = (C:C) The bond represents a pair of electrons shared between two carbons R 1 versus R 2 = 2 different carbon chains

Alkanes Functional group: -A long chain of carbons and hydrogens connected by single bonds (share 2 electrons) Ending: ‘ane’

Alkenes Functional group: -2 carbons that share 4 electrons (2 electrons = 1 bond, 4 electrons = 2 bonds) Ending: ‘ene’

Alkynes Functional group: -2 carbons share 6 electrons = have 3 bonds Ending: ‘yne’

Organic Halides Functional group -Halides = Family of elements with a -1 charge (Cl, Br, F, I, At) -If any carbon contains one or more members of the halide family it is an organic halide Ending: Does not change. Shows up at the beginning chloro- fluoro- bromo-

Alcohols Functional Group: -An OH on a carbon (Make sure it is not a carboxylic acid) Ending: ‘anol’

Ethers Functional Group: -A carbon chain that is linked at one point with an oxygen Ending: ‘yl ether’

Carboxylic Acids Functional group: -A double bonded oxygen on a carbon at the end of a chain. Added to this carbon is an OH group. Ending: ‘ic acid’

Aldehydes Functional Group: -An oxygen that is double bonded to the carbon on the end of a chain Ending: ‘al’

Keytones Functional group: -A double bonded oxygen that is not on the end carbon (make sure it is not an ester) Ending: ‘one’

Esters Functional Group: -A carbon with a double bonded oxygen and a single bonded oxygen on it. Ending: ‘oate’

Amines Functional Group: -A nitrogen found in a chain of carbons Ending: ‘amine’

Amides Functional groups: -A carbon with a nitrogen on it and a double bonded oxygen. Ending: ‘amide’

Aromatics Functional groups: -A ring made up of 6 carbons. Every second bond is a double bond. Ending: ‘ene’

Naming Chains Step one single alkane chains Number of Carbons Name 1 methane 2 ethane 3 propane 4 butane 5 pentane 6 hexane 7 heptane 8 octane 9 nonane 10 decane

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