Your Guide to Understanding Chemistry!

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Presentation transcript:

Your Guide to Understanding Chemistry! The Periodic Table Your Guide to Understanding Chemistry!

http://www.dayah.com/periodic/Other/Periodic%20Table.pdf

What Information is in the Box? Element name 5 B Boron 10.951 2 3 Electron breakdown: This tells you how many electrons are in each energy level. Atomic number: tells you the number of PROTONS Symbol: 1 or 2 letters. 1st ALWAYS capital, 2nd ALWAYS lower case! Atomic mass: This number is the PROTONS and NEUTRONS added together!

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? GROUPS OR FAMILIES: Each column has special physical characteristics that make it unique.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? HYDROGEN: Is an “orphan” (in a family by itself) Has 1 VALENCE ELECTRON (electrons in the outer energy level) Is a NONMETAL and a GAS.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? ALKALI METALS: All have 1 VALENCE ELECTRON (electrons in the outer energy level) All are soft, shiny metals.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? ALKALINE EARTH METALS: All have 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level) All are soft, shiny metals.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? TRANSITION METALS: Can have more than one oxidation number All are shiny metals and are malleable (can be pounded into sheets) and ductile (made into a wire) Iron, nickel and cobalt are the only magnetic elements.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? BORON FAMILY: All have 3 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level) Boron is a METALLOID. The rest are metals.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? CARBON FAMILY: All have 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level) Carbon is a NONMETAL. Silicon and Germanium are METALLOIDS. The rest are metals.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? NITROGEN FAMILY: All have 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level) Nitrogen and phosphorous are NONMETALS. Arsenic and Antimony are METALLOIDS. The rest are metals.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? OXYGEN FAMILY: All have 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level) Oxygen, sulfur, and selenium are NONMETALS. Tellurim and polonium are METALLOIDS. The rest are metals.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? HALOGEN FAMILY: Halogen means “salt former” All have 7 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level) Antimony is a METALLOID. The rest are NONMETALS.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? NOBLE GASES: All have 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outer energy level) Because of the 8 valence electrons, these elements DO NOT REACT with other elements to form a compound. All are NONMETALS AND GASES.

How is an Atom Arranged? An atom has a NUCLEUS. In the nucleus are the PROTONS and NEUTRONS. PROTONS have a POSITIVE charge. NEUTRONS have NO CHARGE.

How is an Atom Arranged? The ELECTRONS are arranged in ENERGY LEVELS around the nucleus. ELECTRONS have a NEGATIVE charge.

How is an Atom Arranged? The ELECTRONS are arranged in ENERGY LEVELS around the nucleus. The FIRST energy level has 2 electrons.

How is an Atom Arranged? The SECOND ENERGY LEVEL can hold 8 electrons.

How is an Atom Arranged? The THIRD ENERGY LEVEL can hold 18 electrons.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? PERIODS OR ROWS: Each period tells you how many energy levels an element has.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? Period 1: Only Hydrogen and Helium. Both have electrons in 1 energy level. Hydrogen Helium

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? Period 2: These have electrons in 2 energy levels. Beryllium

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? Period 3: These have electrons in 3 energy levels.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? Period 4: These have electrons in 4 energy levels.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? Period 5: These have electrons in 5 energy levels.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? Period 6: These have electrons in 6 energy levels.

Why is the Periodic Table Arranged the Way it Is? Period 7: These have electrons in 7 energy levels.

PERIODIC TABLE QUIZ It is now time for your quiz Take out your JOURNAL Enter Periodic Table Quiz in the Table of Contents Turn to page ____ of your journal Keep your answers covered at all times.

QUIZ 1. What element is in group 13, period 3?

QUIZ 2. What element is in group 2, period 2?

QUIZ 3. What element is in group 17, period 5?

QUIZ 4. How many protons does Chlorine have?

QUIZ 5. How many electrons does Magnesium have?

QUIZ 6. How many neutrons does Sodium have?

QUIZ 7. How many neutrons does Silicon have?

QUIZ 8. How many neutrons does Silicon have?

QUIZ 9. How many neutrons does Silicon have?

QUIZ 10. How many neutrons does Silicon have?

Quiz 12. How many electrons does this element have in the second energy level? 11. How many protons does this element have? 13. What is the atomic number? 14. What is this element? 15. All blanks are filled in on your notes page. True or False?