Digestive system

Structure and Function Stomach Structure and Function Stomach Pouch كيس like organ located in the left hypochondriac region of the abdominal cavity. Receives food from the esophagus and mixes it with gastric juicesالعصارة المعدية to form a semi fluid mass called chyme Gastric Juice Function pepsin digests most proteins hydrochloric acid provides acidic environment for the action of pepsin mucus protects inside of stomach wall by providing an alkaline layer

Structure and Function Stomach Regions Structure and Function Fundus of stomach Stomach Regions Esophagus Cardiac Regionالمنطقة الفؤادية -region closest to the heart Fundus -upper rounded portion Body -middle portion Pylorus المنطقة البوابية -narrowed bottom portion that empties into the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter controls the emptying of the stomach. Cardiac region of stomach Pyloric sphincter Body of Stomach Pyloric region of stomach Rugae

Structure and Function Small Intestine Small Intestine Stomach Consists of three parts: -duodenum -jejunum -ileumاللفائفي Held in place by the mesentery which is a muscular membranous tissue that anchors both the small and large intestines to the abdominal wall First site of absorption and nutrients pass from the intestinal walls and into the bloodstream through the villi Duodenum Jejunum Cecum Appendix Ileum

Small intestine Functions digestion absorption digest carbohydrates amylase from pancreas digest proteins trypsin & chymotrypsin from pancreas digest lipids (fats) bile from liver & lipase from pancreas absorption nutrients move into body cells by: diffusion active transport About every 20 seconds, the stomach contents are mixed by the churning action of smooth muscles. As a result of mixing and enzyme action, what begins in the stomach as a recently swallowed meal becomes a nutrient-rich broth known as acid chyme. At the opening from the stomach to the small intestine is the pyloric sphincter, which helps regulate the passage of chyme into the intestine. A squirt at a time, it takes about 2 to 6 hours after a meal for the stomach to empty.

Structure and Function Large Intestine Structure and Function Large Intestine Consists of four parts: -cecum -colon -sigmoid colon -rectum المستقيم Undigested waste may remain in the large intestine from 12 to 24 hours A wormlike pouch (appendix) filled with lymphatic tissue extends from the cecum Process of turning waste material into a semisolid waste (feces) begins in the cecum

Structure and Function Large Intestine Part 2 Structure and Function Transverse colon Large Intestine (cont’d) Colon consists of three parts: -ascending colon القولون الصاعد -transverse colon القولون المستعرض -descending colon القولون النازل Sigmoid colon is an s-shaped structure that connects to the rectum Rectum connects to the anal canal Release of feces from the body is called defecation Ascending colon Descending colon Ileum Cecum Vermiform appendix Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal

Structure and Function Liver Liver Inferior vena cava Located in the right quadrant of the abdominal cavity Divided into right and left lobes Converts food nutrients into usable substances Secretes a yellowish-brown to greenish substance called bile which is stored in the gall bladder Stores glucose in the form of glycogen Secretes bilirubin, a bile pigment that is combined with bile and excreted into the duodenum Left lobe Right lobe الفص الابمن

Structure and Function Gallbladder Gallbladder Pancreas Stores bile from the liver Three ducts connect the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum for the flow of bile (hepatic duct, cystic duct, and common bile duct) Releases bile when it is needed for the emulsification (breakdown) of fat Secretes a pancreatic juice العصارة البنكرياسيةthat includes various enzymes such as amylase and lipase Also an endocrine gland

Summary stomach kills germs mouth break up food break up food digest proteins store food mouth break up food digest starch kill germs moisten food liver produces bile - stored in gall bladder break up fats small intestines breakdown food - proteins - starch - fats absorb nutrients pancreas produces enzymes to digest proteins & carbs large intestines absorb water appendix