Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Livelihoods in the Agricultural Sector: the case of Bangladesh Selvaraju Ramasamy Environment, Climate Change and Bioenergy Division FAO, Rome

Drought Prone Areas in Bangladesh Rabi– KarifI KarifII Rabi Seasons

Enabling and disabling institutions and support services Livelihood profiles and assets Local risk perception and coping strategies Hazard and vulnerability analysis and monitoring Risk Analysis Hazard risk mitigation and climate adaptation (options) Institution Building (entry point DRM)  Agricultural technology diversification  Better integration of hazard risk management rehabilitation-development efforts  Enhanced Climate Forecast Applications  Livelihood enhancement or diversification  Gender sensitive adaptation Awareness raising & Advocacy Inter- ministerial coordination Capacity building Legislation, standards setting Training of key stakeholders Policy advice Climate change scenarios and anticipated risks Impacts of climate variability and change Analytical Framework Assessments Outcomes/interventions

Future Climate Change: downscaling scenarios Year Sea level rise (cm) Season Temperature increase (ºC) Precipitation fluctuation (%) as compared to 1990 (%) change in evaporation Monsoon Winter MonsoonWinter Source: National communication DoE, BGD, 2002 Year Temperature change (ºC) mean (standard deviation)Precipitation change (%) mean (standard deviation) AnnualDJFJJAAnnualDJFJJA Baseline average2278 mm33.7 mm mm (0.11)1.0 (0.18)0.8 (0.16)+3.8 (2.30)-1.2 (12.56)+4.7 (3.17) (0.16)1.6 (0.26)1.1(0.23)+5.6 (3.33)-1.7 (18.15)+6.8 (4.58) Agarwala et al., 2003

Strengthening Institutional set-up Sub- Assistant Ag. Officer DMB District DMC Upazilla DMC Union DMC Project officers DAE – Technical Core Group District Deputy Director Upazilla Ag. Officer Community/Farmer Groups/Associations/Local Facilitation Team NTIWG DMB, DAE, BMD, DRR, LI, DoE UTIWG National expert advisory group DAE: Department of Agriculture Extension DMC: District Disaster management Committee DMB: Disaster Management Bureau NTIWG: National Technical Implementation Working Group MoA- DAE Operational Structure MoFDM Operational Structure

1.Agronomic management 2. Water harvesting and exploitation 3.Water Use efficiency 4.Crop intensification 5. Alternative crop enterprises 6. Post harvest practices Typology of adaptation options in AG/LI, FI and FO

Seasonal planning for implementation of options Pre-seasonal good practice identification and validation meeting (Clearing house mechanisms) to decide on new good practices for demos and on replications Pre-seasonal good practice identification and validation meeting (Clearing house mechanisms) to decide on new good practices for demos and on replications seasonal working plans before each cropping season for immediate implementation seasonal working plans before each cropping season for immediate implementation

Community Mobilization and Field Demonstration Awareness raising Awareness raising cultural programmes for awareness creation of local people about climate change adaptation cultural programmes for awareness creation of local people about climate change adaptation Extension strategies Extension strategies orientation meetings, farmer field schools, folk songs and drams, demonstration rally, exchange visits orientation meetings, farmer field schools, folk songs and drams, demonstration rally, exchange visits Mobilization of local community Mobilization of local community Farmer Groups Farmer Groups Local facilitation Team (LFTs) Local facilitation Team (LFTs)

Capacity Building i) Climate risk and impact analysis climate risk analysis methods climate risk analysis methods climate change impacts climate change impacts ii) Climate forecast applications for drought mitigation introduction to forecast products introduction to forecast products Application of weather and climate forecast products Application of weather and climate forecast products iii) Available adaptation options in Agriculture viable adaptation options viable adaptation options Prioritized adaptation options and methods of implementation Prioritized adaptation options and methods of implementation

Interpreting global climate outlook into local outlook Translating local climate outlook into impact scenarios Communication to/ from farmers Providing climate outlook Integration of climate forecasts to enhance adaptive capacity

Complementary adaptation measures Physical adaptive measures Livelihood enhancement Income diversification Strengthening community as well as formal institutional structures Financial mechanisms for risk transfer public private partnerships

Testing of locally selected adaptation options Mini pond for supplementary irrigation during drought spells Homestead gardening

Dry seedbed practice with minimal supplemental irrigation Jujubi (Ziziphus jujuba) was considered as a potential alternative option to existing autonomous mango cultivation Testing of locally selected adaptation options

Stakeholder engagement and feedback Improving Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Change Designing local adaptation strategies Identification and testing Adaptation options Assessing future risks Assessing current vulnerability Assessing current climate risks Livelihood assessment & profiling Assessing natural, socio-economic and institutional framework Assessing local perception on risks Future climate impact assessment & outlooks Local agro-meteorological data collection and monitoring Downscaling climate change scenarios Institutional and technical capacity building Validation and selection of adaptation options Identify suitable adaptation options and extension methods Community mobilization and local awareness raising Advocacy, broader awareness raising and networking Economic feasibility studies Field based demonstration and application of adaptation options Up-scaling and mainstreaming Advocacy, broader awareness raising and networking Economic feasibility studies to be addressed in second phase of LACC Identification of adaptation options including local technologies Adaptation Framework

Key Lessons: Entry points Current climate variability and DRM Current climate variability and DRM Awareness raising Awareness raising Doing better on known sustainable land and water management practices Doing better on known sustainable land and water management practices Indigenous knowledge and no regret options Indigenous knowledge and no regret options

Key Lessons Climate change further declines the adaptive capacity - need to launch adaptation measures now. BUT HOW to work in a relatively uncertain state; Climate change further declines the adaptive capacity - need to launch adaptation measures now. BUT HOW to work in a relatively uncertain state; Climate Change Adaptation is location specific and social learning process – learning how to adapt better; Climate Change Adaptation is location specific and social learning process – learning how to adapt better; Strengthening institutions with clearly determined responsibilities Strengthening institutions with clearly determined responsibilities DRR, climate change adaptation and development goes together at the local level DRR, climate change adaptation and development goes together at the local level strengthening research-development linkages to address the future risks strengthening research-development linkages to address the future risks Community based adaptation links bottom up livelihood perspectives and government led top down approaches Community based adaptation links bottom up livelihood perspectives and government led top down approaches monitoring on-going adaptation practices, alert on risks of mal-adaptation, and establish links with policy making monitoring on-going adaptation practices, alert on risks of mal-adaptation, and establish links with policy making promote public – private partnership to support inputs promote public – private partnership to support inputs

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