Environmental Management in Singapore

Introduction Singapore faces the following constraints: Small land areaSmall land area Densely-populatedDensely-populated No natural resourcesNo natural resources No energy sourcesNo energy sources Little water resourcesLittle water resources

Broad Strategy Need to strike a balance between Promote economic and industrial growth Protection of the environment  Anti-Pollution Unit – 1970  Ministry of the Environment – 1972  Programmes implemented to protect the environment

Key Elements of Strategy Long term planning Preventive control of environmental threats Monitoring of environmental quality Effective legislation & enforcement Provision of environmental infrastructure Use of environmental technology

Land Use Planning Urban Redevelopment Authority National Authority for land use planning Prepares Concept Plan and Development Guide Plans (DGPs) Land is zoned for specific uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, etc Environmental controls are factored in Concept Plan and DGPs  Protection of water catchment  Provision of environmental infrastructure  Compatibility of land use

Preventive Controls Judicious siting of industries Development and building plan control Inspection of completed premises

Siting of Industries Site industrial estates for clean and light industries close to residential areas Site general and special industries farther away from residential areas in Jurong and Tuas Industrial estates, and on Jurong Island

Siting of Industries Evaluates pollution impact of new industries do not pose unmanageable health and safety hazards and pollution adopt clean technology to minimise the use of hazardous chemicals and the generation of wastes can comply with prescribed standards for the emission/discharge of pollutants wastes can be properly handled and disposed of compatible with surrounding land use

Building Plan Control Check building plans of new developments Check pollution control facilities of industrial developments Check completed developments for compliance with pollution control requirements before occupation and use of developments

Environmental Monitoring Monitor ambient air quality and quality of inland and coastal waters Detect trends so that control programmes can be formulated to prevent a problem from arising Assess adequacy and effectiveness of control programmes Keep abreast with monitoring technology

Telemetric Air Quality Monitoring & Management System Air monitoring stations are equipped with continuous automatic analysers for  sulphur dioxide  ozone  carbon monoxide  oxides of nitrogen  particulate matter

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Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station

PSI ( )

Water Quality Monitoring Water in reservoirs remains suitable for treatment for potable useWater in reservoirs remains suitable for treatment for potable use Inland water supports aquatic lifeInland water supports aquatic life Coastal waters remain suitable for recreational useCoastal waters remain suitable for recreational use

Water Quality Monitoring Programmes Inland water –Catchment –Non-catchment –Reservoir Coastal water

Mak Wai (S) Sg Simpang Mak Wai (S) Sg Berih Sg Tho Pek Kong Sg Chua Chu Kang Sg Poyan Sg Bajua Sg Tengeh (N) Sg Tengeh (S) Sg Jurong 1 Sg Jurong 2 Sg Pandan Sg Bukit Timah MacRitchie Stream Tampines Ponds Bedok Ponds

Sg Bedok Sg Siglap Geylang River Pelton Canal Kallang River Sg Whampoa Bukit Timah Canal Singapore River Stamford Canal Sg Jurong Sg Jurong (R) Jurong Area Canal Sg Melayu Sg Buloh Sg Kranji Sg Simpang Kanan Sg Punggol Sg Serangoon

Legislation & Policies Set up effective legislation to control pollution Carry out regular review of policies and standards with extensive consultations with the public and industries

Enforcement Ensure air pollutant emission standards and trade effluent standards comply with legal standards Control the proper management and disposal of hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes Conduct regular checks on industries Take legal action against recalcitrant polluters

Environmental Infrastructure Comprehensive sewerage system Efficient solid waste system

Sewerage System Separate sewerage system for both domestic and industrial wastewater and open drainage for rain water 6 water reclamation plants 2,800 km sewers >100 pumping stations 97% population served and remaining 3% by on-site sewage treatment plants Industrial wastewater pretreated to prescribed standards prior to discharging into the sewerage system

PRETREATMENT PLANT PUMPING STATION MANHOLE EFFLUENT OUTFALL SEWER WATER RECLAMATION PLANT HOUSEHOLDS COMMERCIAL PREMISES INDUSTRIES Sewerage System SEA

Solid Waste Management Daily refuse collection service Toxic industrial wastes segregated at source and collected by licensed toxic industrial waste collectors for treatment and disposal 90% of wastes generated is incinerated at 4 incineration plants Ash from the refuse incineration plants and 10% of wastes generated are disposed of at the off-shore Semakau sanitary landfill

Semakau Landfill Senoko IP Senoko IP Tuas South IP Tuas South IP Tuas IP Tuas IP Ulu Pandan RIP Ulu Pandan RIP Closed Lorong Halus Dumping Ground Closed Lorong Halus Dumping Ground REFUSE DISPOSAL FACILITIES

Education Educational programmes to raise and cultivate awareness and understanding Environmental education programmes in primary, secondary and pre-university curricula Educational campaigns

Environmental Technology Monitor latest developments in industrial processes and pollution control technologies Adopt best practicable measures Use clean technology - minimise use of hazardous chemicals and generation of wastes Use hazardous chemicals that will not pose unmanageable health and safety hazards Promote research & development

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