1. What is a Nation-State? Looking at the Map:

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Presentation transcript:

1. What is a Nation-State? Looking at the Map: 2. What factors make uniting difficult?

Notes on Italian Unification

Background Not unified since the fall of Roman Empire Nine states had come together in a war against Austria to get back the provinces she took in a previous war Congress of Vienna created the boundaries of the nine states

I. Soul- Mazzini Giuseppe Mazzini- popular writer- exiled due to strong nationalism Europe needed to redraw the lines set by the Congress of Vienna Ex. Northern Italy under the control of Austria, but different culture/language/etc. How does this reflect the ideas of nationalism? Group “Young Italy” attracted tens of thousands Members had to be under age 40

II. Mind- Cavour (unites Northern Italy) Camillo di Cavour- Prime Minister of Sardinia Made an alliance with France, 1858 Emperor Napoleon III agreed to help in driving Austria out of northern provinces. He agreed to give France a small amount of territory Cavour then provoked Austria and they declared war in 1859 and with the help of France, northern Italian states liberated, excluding Venetia

III. Sword- Garibaldi Giuseppe Garibaldi- Red Shirts- gained control of Sicily and southern Italy with the aid of Cavour Garibaldi and Cavour had now liberated everywhere but Venetia (controlled by Austria) and the Papal States (supported by the French who supported the pope). Italy allied itself with Prussia, after the Prussian- Austrian War, Venetia went to Italy 1870 French troops withdrew from Papal States King Victor Emmanuel II then moved the capital of a unified Italy to Rome from Florence.

Sword- Garibaldi

Challenges Strong Regional differences: industrialized north versus agricultural south Catholic Church did not recognize Italy Why? Poverty Only wealthy men could vote (changes as Italy industrializes) Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany Explain how Italian unification is an example of Nationalism?