CLIMATE CHANGE URJA AMIN

WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?  A change in global or regional climate patterns is known as climate change.  Today, most of the places in the world has different weather/climate according to weather what they had before.  All this is because of pollution in air and etc.  Harmful gases can cause many things.

CLIMATE CHANGE OCCURING NATURALLY? The heat entering Earth comes from the Sun. Sunlight enters our atmosphere and heats the land surface and the oceans. The Earth then releases heat back into the atmosphere which radiates into outer space. The amount of heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere can rise and fall, maybe because of small changes in Earth’s orbit.

CAUSES BY NATURE?  Little changes in the earth’s orbit.  Due to that amount of sunlight that reaches the earth’s atmosphere will change  Seasonal patterns will change  Changes in ocean currents  Changes in wind patterns  Changes in rainfall patterns  Melting of ice  Different types of nature’s anger like tsunami, earthquake, very big waves, torando etc.

CAUSES BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES? Large amount of carbon dioxide releasing into air. Industries releasing different harmful gases like aerosols, smoke, etc. Deforestation Agricultural practices Urbanisation Burning of fossil fuels Increase in population Landfills Industrial waste Farming

GLOBAL WARMING  It is one of the biggest cause of climate change.  Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of the "greenhouse effect“.  It is the warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.  Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the atmosphere (the air around the Earth) entrap infrared radiation. This effect makes the planet warmer. The greenhouse effect is natural. It is important for life on Earth. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's average temperature would be around -18 or -19 degrees Celsius (0 or 1 degree Fahrenheit). Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's actual average temperature is 14 degrees Celsius (57 degrees Fahrenheit).

CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL IN ATOMSPHERE

EFFECTS Earth will become more warmer. In the Northeast, Heat waves, heavy downpours, and sea level rise, these will effect agriculture, ecosystems and fisheries. In the Northwest, Changes in the timing of stream flow, Sea level rise, erosion and increasing ocean acidity, these will effect on increasing wildfire, insect outbreaks, and tree diseases. In the Southeast, Sea level rise, region’s economy and environment. Extreme heat will affect health, energy, agriculture, and more. In the Midwest, Extreme heat, heavy downpours, and flooding will effect infrastructure, health, agriculture, forestry, transportation, air and water quality, and more. In the Southwest, Increased heat, drought, and insect outbreaks, all linked to climate change, have increased wildfires. Declining water supplies, reduced agricultural yields, health impacts in cities due to heat, and flooding and erosion in coastal areas.

Greenhouse gases reflect radiation that the Earth emits, and stop it from being lost into space. This causes the Earth's temperature to be higher than it would be without greenhouse gases. The name for this is the "greenhouse effect.“ Most greenhouse gases are natural - water vapour is the most common, and causes most of the greenhouse effect on Earth. Other greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, Chlorofluorocarbon and ozone. GREENHOUSE GASES METHANE WATER VAPOUR CARBON DIOXIDE CHLOROFLUOROCARBO N WATER VAPOUR

INTERESTING FACTS  Average global temperatures increased by about 1 degree Celsius over the 20th century.  15 percent of carbon emissions come from deforestation and land use change.  Climate change is linked to stronger hurricanes, more drought and increased coral deaths from bleaching.  Climate change is linked to an increase in disease- carrying pests that lead to the increased spread of diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, lyme disease and West Nile virus.

ON AUSTRALIA  It has become hotter since 1910, with warming across Australia of 0.9°C  Rainfall has increased in northern Australia since the 1970s and decreased in south- east and south-west Australia  More of Australia’s rain has come from heavy falls and there has been more extreme fire weather in southern and eastern Australia since the 1970s.

FUTURE OF AUSTRALIA  Australia’s average temperature will increase and we will experience more heat extremes and fewer cold extremes.  Extreme rainfall events that lead to flooding are likely to become more intense.  The number of tropical cyclones is projected to decrease but they may be more intense and reach further south.  Southern and eastern Australia is projected to experience harsher fire weather.  Sea levels will continue to rise throughout the 21st century and beyond.  Oceans around Australia will warm and become more acidic.

NEW ZEALAND G Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand N New Zealand Climate Science Coalition S Sustainability in New Zealand HELP FROM AROUND THE WORLD UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A American Association of State Climatologists American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment Arctic Research Office

HELP FROM AROUND THE WORLD (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) B Bay Area Climate Collaborative Belgrave Trust D Dark Snow Project E Ecology Center (Ann Arbor) Ecology Center (Berkeley) Energy Action Coalition Environment California Environmental and Energy Study Institute F Forward on climate C Carbonfund.org Center for Climate and Energy Solutions Chesapeake Climate Action Network Citizens Climate Lobby Citizens for Pennsylvania's Future Climate Change Science Program Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Climate One Climate Prediction Center The Climate Reality Project Climate Science Legal Defense Fund CoolCalifornia.org Cooler Heads Coalition

Help from around the world S Sierra Club Sierra Nevada Alliance Sierra Student Coalition T The Climate Group U US Climate Symposium V Vote Climate U.S. PAC Y Yale Project on Climate Change Communication Young Voices on Climate Change H Honor the Earth N National Center for Science Education Nuclear Information and Resource Service P Pacific Environment Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory R Rising Tide North America G Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Green Light New Orleans Greenbelt Alliance

HELP IN AUSTRALIA A Australian Industry Greenhouse Network Australian Youth Climate Coalition B Beyond Zero Emissions C Clean Energy Finance Corporation Clean Energy Regulator Climate Commission Climate Council Climate Institute of Australia T The Climate Group