LIVING STANDARDS, PART 2 FACTORS IN GLOBAL POVERTY

CAUSES OF POVERTY

THE POVERTY CYCLE Dire Poverty Not enough ________ for food, medicine, etc. Malnutrition, ___________, lack of education, etc. Inability to work/look for work or lack of ______________ for well paying work

 Armed conflict  ___________________  Lack of education  High unemployment  International _______  Famine  Mental illness  ________________  Disease  Lack of _____________  Geographic factors (e.g. lack of arable land)  Historical factors (e.g. ___________________)  Government _________  Crime  Inadequate medical care  Discrimination  __________________  Exploitation of the poor by the rich  Inequitable __________ of global resources  Poverty itself CAUSES OF GLOBAL POVERTY

IMBALANCES IN GLOBAL SPENDING Global Necessities Estimated cost Elementary level education for all$90 billion Fresh drinking water and sanitation for all$25 billion Reproductive health for all women$20 billion Basic health and nutrition for all$20 billion World Spending Cost Cosmetics in the United States$33 billion Candy and ice cream in the United Kingdom$16.5 billion Alcohol sales in Canada$21.4 billion Illegal narcotic drugs worldwide$400 billion Global military spending$1.7 trillion

Women & Children HIGHER RISK GROUPS

 In male-dominated societies, women & children have lower status & fewer __________________________ than men.  Women often _______________ less & work longer hours than men.  More likely to be _______________, especially where public education isn’t available or where only males can attend school.  Often ______________ at a young age to reduce the financial burden on their families. IMPOVERISHED WOMEN

 Improving women’s access to ______________ could make a significant difference in the developing world because educated women:  marry later & have _____________________.  understand ________________ & are more likely to resist pressure to have more children.  have children who ______________________ because they understand the importance of immunization, clean water & proper nutrition. IMPOVERISHED WOMEN

 UNICEF publishes an annual ___________ index based on 5 factors: 1.Under-five mortality rate (___________) 2.Percentage of moderately to severely ____________________ children 3.Number of children not attending primary _________________ 4.Risk from __________________ 5.Risk from __________________ IMPOVERISHED CHILDREN

 Each country receives a score of  Most developed nations (e.g. Canada) have scores of ____ or below.  African countries average a score of ____. IMPOVERISHED CHILDREN

 Poverty is strongly linked to the U5MR:  50% of these deaths are caused by ___________________.  Lack of access to fresh water & ___________ are the other primary cause.  Poverty is the leading cause of ____________:  Children work to ____________ their families or themselves  Many countries lack labour _____________ to protect children IMPOVERISHED CHILDREN

 Armed conflict endangers ______ million children each year:  Children as young as _____ have been used as soldiers in civil wars & 16-year-olds are legally allowed to serve in the military in many countries IMPOVERISHED CHILDREN