Personality Types/Self Identity/Self Awareness Why do we need to put personality types into categories? Why would this be important stuff to know?

Recap In the last lesson we were introduced to conscience as the inner sense of right and wrong We looked at the Classical, O.T. and New Testament examples of conscience We saw how it developed under St. Thomas Aquinas and was formalized in the 4 th Lateran Council - Reconciliation Finally we saw how conscience played a role in influencing Martin Luther and the Reformation

Purpose of Lesson To give the student an historical understanding of the development and use of Personality Types To give the student an historical understanding of the development and use of Personality Types This will be done through the following: This will be done through the following:  Classical development  contemporary examples  Personal evaluation

Classical Development Originally created by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates > Originally created by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates > Who believed the workings of the human body revolved around either an excess or deficiency of four distinct bodily fluids Who believed the workings of the human body revolved around either an excess or deficiency of four distinct bodily fluids The levels of each person’s fluids directly influenced their temperament and therefore their health The levels of each person’s fluids directly influenced their temperament and therefore their health

Chart As the diagram indicates the fluids were also linked to: As the diagram indicates the fluids were also linked to:  the four elements  four colours  four fluids  four conditions

Four Temperaments This was a form of proto- psychology that was developed by Galen based on Hippocrates work This was a form of proto- psychology that was developed by Galen based on Hippocrates work For Galen the four are: For Galen the four are:  Sanguine  Choleric  Melancholic  Phlegmatic

Sanguine This temperament is: This temperament is:  Pleasure-seeking  Sociable  Impulsive  They enjoy social gatherings and making new friends  They tend to be boisterous

Choleric This temperament is This temperament is  ambitious  leader-like  They tend to have an abundance of: Aggression Aggression Energy Energy Passion Passion

Melancholic This temperament is: This temperament is:  introverted  thoughtful  They tend to be seen as overly considerate or pondering  They may get worried when they are late for something

Phlegmatic This temperament is: This temperament is:  Relaxed  quiet  Energy wise they range from relaxed and quiet to lazy and sluggish  They are content with themselves and are often kind and understanding  They are accepting and affectionate

Emoticon of the Four Temperaments Can you guess which is which? Sanguine > < Melancholic < Choleric Phlegmatic >

Modern Development In the early 20 th century Carl Jung, psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology, attempted to combine the work of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Alder From Jung’s work several different methods emerged

Temperament Theories Among these methods are:  16 Personality Factors (Raymond Cattell)  Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS)  Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Myers Briggs Type Indicator Created by the American psychologist, Isabel Briggs Myers The test itself was named for her mother Katharine Cook Briggs Developed during WWII in order to understand why people came into conflict with each other

Understanding MBTI Using Jung’s original three pairs of preferences < Isabel Briggs Myers, added a fourth pair to round out her theory.

Theory Jung's model regards psychological types as being individual and inborn As a result we develop certain preferred ways of thinking and acting. The MBTI sorts some of these psychological differences into four opposite pairs, or dichotomies Resulting in 16 possible psychological types Think: 2 to the power of 4! (2x2x2x2=16)

The Four Dichotomies Extraversion (E) The source of your motivation. Sensing (S) The way in which you obtain info. Thinking (T) The way in which you make decisions. Judging (J) Your approach to life. (I) Introversion (Inside or outside of self) (N) Intuition (facts or possibilities) (F) Feeling (Head or heart) (P) Perception (organized or open-ended)

Note: The 16 types are typically referred to by an abbreviation of four letters—the initial letters of each of their four type preferences (except in the case of intuition, which uses the abbreviation N to distinguish it from Introversion).

In other words… In the same way that writing with the left hand is hard work for a right-hander, so people tend to find using their opposite psychological preferences more difficult, However they can become more proficient (and therefore behaviourally flexible) with practice and development.

Final words on the Theory None of these types are better or worse; Briggs and Myers theorized that individuals naturally prefer one overall combination of types But they also leave it up to the individual to develop and grow

Self Identity / Self Awareness Who do you think you are? Who are you really? Why is this important?

Definitions Self identity:  Awareness of and identification with oneself as a separate individual. Self Awareness:  Aware of oneself, including one's traits, feelings, and behaviours.  awareness of your own individuality

Self Awareness Is the capacity for introspection and the ability to reconcile oneself as an individual separate from the environment and other individuals.

Next Step Don’t Forget Quiz is coming up!!

Philosophy