Temporary labor migration patterns: costs of temporality for individual migrants EU migration regimes: principle of utilitarian approach to labor migration “Better” and “worse” migrants: encouraging “high- skilled” migration while controlling “low-skilled” migratory flows

Principles of temporality: “providing temporary labor for permanent labor demand” (Castles 2006) Circular migration is international, temporary, repeated migration for economic reasons (METOIKOS 2010). Migrants who simply visit relatives back home for a long time and do not pursue economic goal do not qualify as circular migrants. “temporary” or “circular”: can we speak of circularity in case of migration of the 3rd country nationals to the EU?

Case-study: migration of Ukrainian nationals to CzR and Italy Framework: “Costs and benefits of temporary and circular migration between the Eastern Partnership Countries and the European Union”. Question: What are the practical costs of temporality for individual migrants’ occupational trajectories, access to social benefits and opportunities for mobility.

Main findings Circularity, as a privilege Employment, as a key to a possibility for return Pension and health system contributions as a price for legality

Who’s win: brief conclusions Receiving state: cheap and easily disposable labor force Sending state: shifting the social risks from the deteriorating state social system to the individual and household level (education, care, unemployment risks, health) Migrants: reconfigured relation with the states in which provisions are not granted on the basis of rights but are available for sale.

Thank you for your attention! Questions? Comments?