Human A & P Digestive System Storybook “From the table to the toilet….The last journey of a piece of food through the human digestive tract.” Human A & P Digestive System Storybook

You must acquire this Basic Knowledge before constructing your storybook. 1. What is digestion? 2. Why is digestion important? 3. Name the two different types of digestion and tell how they differ. 4. What are the four phases of digestion? Briefly describe each one and where is occurs at? 5. What enzyme is in the mouth and what does it break down? 6. What enzymes are in the stomach and what do they break down? 7. What is peristalsis? Where does it occur? 8. Write the order of organs food travels through in the digestive system in order! From mouth to anus. 9. Name the circular muscles that regulate the passage of food throughout the digestive path. Name these in order, and what organs they separate.

Digestive Enzymes function and location Table Role Amalyse Salivary glands in mouth Begin digesting starches Pepsin Stomach cell secretions proteins Pancreatic enzymes Hepatopancreatic ducts in Small intestines Fats and carbs bile Released by gall bladder through bile duct in small intestine Fats and proteins

Mouth: Esophagus: Mechanical and chemical digestion begins here Mechanical: chewing with the teeth Forms bolus – mass of chewed food and saliva Chemical: Amylase in saliva breaks down carbs Esophagus: Epiglottis covers the opening to the trachea so no food can enter the lungs Peristalsis muscle contractions in the esophagus to move the food to the stomach and through the other organs.

Stomach Mechanical and chemical digestion takes place Mechanical: expands and folds Chemical: Hydrochloric acid: destroys bacteria and helps break down proteins Pepsin which breaks down proteins Food is no longer recognizable. It is now called chyme – liquidfied chemical mix of food and enzymes, the consistency of beginning baby food.

Small Intestine 4-7 meters long pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver) break down fats & sugars 1st part of the intestine where digestion takes place Bile is added from the liver (stored in the gall bladder) via the bile duct, which breaks down fats Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and little water into the bloodstream begins here Microvilli – micro projections of the interior lining of the small intestine to increase surface area to facilitate quicker absorption of chemical contents of chime into the bloodstream

Large Intestine (colon) 1st portion is small sac-like structure called the cecum. “Pronounced (see-kum)” Has 4 sections: Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid Absorbs water from undigested mass of chyme from small intestine Forms wastes from chyme into solid masses (forms feces) Rectum Stores feces When fecal pressure builds, expanding the lining of the rectum; this triggers the defecation reflex Feces is eliminated out of the rectum through the anal sphincter muscle

Now, your final assignment… “From the table to the toilet… Now, your final assignment… “From the table to the toilet….The last journey of a piece of food through the human digestive tract.” Format: Use your knowledge, imagination, and creativeness to write a creative story, song, or a poem to describe the journey of food through the human digestive system. Role: You are a piece of food, writing one last story about your encounters as you are consumed and digested by a human. Contents: Be sure to include ALL of the following: Address all organs involved, and what they do to you Be sure to mention the sphincter muscles you get forced through along your journey Address all key enzymes involved, when you encounter them during your journey, and how/what they break you down into. Address any accessory organs that help with digestion, and when/how they assist Address the four phases of the digestive system: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination Be sure to classify each portion of your journey as mechanical or chemical This is your last story of your life to tell before you become a ball of waste material. Do not leave any steps of digestion out. Remember the title of your creative writing. You must have at least two appropriate pictures to accompany your creative work.