Polar Routes Polar Routes Conventional Routes Tokyo San Francisco Los Angeles Chicago Washington New York Singapore Karachi Frankfurt London Delhi Moscow Polar Routes Chicago Los Angeles Washington San Francisco New York Conventional Routes Anchorage London Frankfurt Khabarovsk Moscow Tura Beijing Beijing Delhi Singapore Karachi

History of Polar Operations Between Europe and Asia San Francisco Los Angeles Chicago Washington New York Singapore Tokyo Karachi Frankfurt London Delhi Moscow 1957: SAS DC-6B; CPH-ANC-NRT Europe  Asia 1960s-1980s: Anchorage becomes major transit airport Anchorage 1983: Finnair DC-10; HEL-NRT nonstop via Bering Strait Today: More than 300 flights/week from Europe to Asia via Russian interior Beijing

Polar Routes 1- 4: History San Francisco Los Angeles Chicago Washington New York Singapore Tokyo Karachi Frankfurt London Delhi Moscow Russia began opening its airspace in the 1990’s RFE routes expanded north and west of NOPAC Polar 1 - 4 conceived 1993 First trial flight July 1998 Formal opening Feb. 1, 2001 ETOPS flight March 1, 2001 Today: More than 20 passenger flights/week from US to Asia via Polar Routes Beijing

Polar Route Advantages Opens new nonstop routes More choices Minimize trip times, avoid hubs More efficient operations Lower fuel burns Shorter trip times Increased payload potential No intermediate fuel stop

Polar Route Use Examples Time/Fuel Savings: Chicago-Beijing Block Fuel, lb (000s) 200 Chicago Beijing B480 G490 G491 G495 G494 A218 G212 Fuel Savings: -7300 lb (-3300 kg) 195 190 Savings: • up to 30 minutes flight time AND • over 7,000 lb (3.2 tonnes) of fuel; or 5,000lb (2.5 tonnes) increased cargo capacity G491 G495 B480 A218 G212 • 777-200ER • 301 Passengers • 85% Winter Winds

Polar Route Opportunities Open New Markets: New York - Hong Kong Payload, lb (000s) New York Hong Kong B480 G490 G491 G495 G494 A218 G212 R222 70 301 Passengers 60 275 254 50 215 40 Nonstop service now practical: • Required still air range reduced over 450 nm • Full passenger loads plus cargo • Trip times substantially reduced B480 G491 G490 G495 A218 G212 R222 • 777-200ER • 301 Passengers • 85% Winter Winds

Comparison of Polar Routes & Conventional Tracks

Current Cross-Polar City Pairs Continental Northwest United Beijing Hong Kong Newark/ New York Shanghai Detroit Chicago