GOAL 6 PART 2 Spanish American War (1898) IMPERIALISM

American Interest in Cuba SPAIN owns the Philippines and Guam (Pacific) Cuba and Puerto Rico (Caribbean) U.S. WANTS Cuba!!! 1 st War for Cuban Independence Cuban rebelled against Spain….U.S. sympathy went out toward Cubans! Legacy: Cuban slavery was abolished! U.S. Reaction: INVEST!!!!

Spain’s Response to American intervention / Cuban Revolt Spain sends Valeriano Weyler – to restore order in Cuba Used barbed-wire concentration camps Cubans could not receive aid / medical attention – nearly 300,000 people died

3 CAUSES OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898) (1) Yellow Journalism (indirect) (2) De Lome Letter (indirect) (3) U.S.S. Maine explosion (Direct / MAIN) Territories that are ANNEXED through events of Spanish American War (1) Cuba (FREE) (2) The Philippines (3) Guam (4) Puerto Rico

Headline Wars / Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism – introduced in the Spanish American War (1898) The sensational style of writing, which exaggerates the news in order to lure and enrage readers Example: Cuban children being thrown to sharks (1) William Randolph Hearst (2) Joseph Pulitzer

A perfect example of the type of sensational- yellow journalism –here from a news paper-look at details –see all the American propaganda!

Pulitzer (left) & Hearst (right) fight over the War

yellow journalism  How long shall Cuban women be the victims of Spanish outrages and lie sobbing and bruised in loathsome prisons?  How long shall women passengers on vessels flying the American flag be unlawfully seized, stripped and searched by brutal, jeering Spanish officers, in violation of the laws of nations and of the honor of the U.S.?  How long shall American citizens, arbitrarily arrested while on peaceful and legitimate errands, be immured in foul Spanish prisons without trial?  How long shall the U.S. sit idle and indifferent within sound and hearing or rapine and murder? HOW LONG?HOW LONG?

William Randolph Hearst “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war” - William Randolph Hearst (Spanish American War) - Interpretation: as long as pictures are taken…Hearst will write outrageous stories to support a war between Spain and the U.S.

De Lome Letter Written by a Spanish minister Cuban rebel (intercepted) the letter and put it in the hands of the Americans Topics: President McKinley and America were WEAK! De Lome apologized, but America got really angry!

The U.S.S. Maine EXPLODES!!!! ***** THE MAIN (Maine) CAUSE OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898) ***** President McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home American diplomats (Havana Harbor) Feb 15, 1898…the U.S.S. Maine EXPLODED, killing 260 Americans

U.S.S. Maine Explosion

USS Maine US sailors killed Spain accused of blowing up the Maine….. Polarized Americans to support the war against Spain. Hearst was heard to say, “Supply me with pictures and I’ll give you a war”.

War Erupts between Spain and America U.S. battle cry for U.S intervention in Cuba / against Spain = “Remember the Maine” Congress declares war and its on! What caused the Spanish American War DIRECTLY…INDIRECTLY??? War in the Philippines: - First battle of the Spanish American War (Not Cuba, like Spain expected!)

War in the Philippines FIRST BATTLE OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Leader: George Dewey U.S. gained support by the Filipinos – oppressed by Spain and wanted freedom! End of the War in the Philippines: Manila: Philippine Capital, Spain surrendered…. Now we need to go to Cuba!

SP War in Pacific

***Rough Riders*** (in Cuba!) A volunteer Calvary in the Spanish American War led by TEDDY ROOSEVELT: Most famous Rough Rider / Proved himself…later to become President in Rough Riders: landed in Cuba, 1898, Port of Santiago Famous Rough Rider Battles: Kettle Hill & San Juan Hill Result: Spanish surrender!...

SP War in Caribbean

Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

Treaty of Paris August 10, Spain and America meet in Paris to discuss an “armistice” = cease fire agreement! Results: Cuba = FREE Guam = Owned by America Philippines = Purchased by America Puerto Rico = Owned by America

TREATY OF PARIS (August 12, 1898) ENDED the Spanish American War!!! Secretary of State JOHN HAY called the Spanish American War a *** “SPLENDID LITTLE WAR” *** - lasted only 16 weeks! America emerged as a “World Power!” *** Important result of the Spanish American War = America emerged as a “World Power!”

Cartoon-Sp & US War Spanish and American War was referred to as a “Splendid Little War” Cost of war in terms of loss of life and money was minimal US became a world power as a result of this war. Gained the following areas: Philippines Guam Puerto Rico

Imperialists Theodore Roosevelt William Mckinley William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer Anti-Imperialist League Mark Twain Andrew Carnegie Susan B. Anthony FOR EXPANSION ■Keep up with European nations ■Desire for prestige ■Theory of racial superiority ■Provide market for surplus goods and investments AGAINST EXPANSION ■America’s vastness provided enough of an outlet for the country’s energies ■America should not rule over other peoples

Cartoon-US Expansion1 US goal was always expansion