The Dutch and French Colonies in the New World U.S. History I
Philip II & the Netherlands Revolt Calvinist uprising in Aug ruthlessly put down by Duke of Alva by provinces unite under Prince William the Silent of Orange in 1576 Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma reconquered southern 10 provinces Northern 7 provinces form Union of Utrecht in 1581 © 2000 Wadsworth / Thomson Learning King Philip II
Elizabeth I & English Intervention Elizabeth turned down offer of Dutch crown, but gave money & troops Philip plotted with Mary Queen of Scots Plot discovered & Mary executed in Feb Pope Sixtus V offered Philip 1 million gold ducats to conquer England & avenge Mary Spanish Armada defeated in English Channel in 1588 Marks beginning of Spain’s decline Marks beginning of rise of Dutch & English Queen Elizabeth I ( )
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, 1796
Dutch Exploration & Colonization Dutch East India Co. hired Henry Hudson in 1609 to find northern passage around Asia Half Moon forced to turn back by ice, so sailed across Atlantic instead Discovered Delaware Bay, then sailed up river named after him (Sept. 3 – Oct. 4, 1609) Captured by English on return voyage & sailed next year for them, but marooned in Bay
New Netherlands Colony Dutch merchants began to tap into fur trade Adriaen Block explored Long Island Sound & Conn. River New Netherland Co. created in 1614 & est. Ft. Nassau Dutch West India Co. formed in 1621 & took over colonization Ft. Good Hope Ft. Orange High Island New Amsterdam est. in 1625
New Amsterdam
New Netherland Society Charter of Privileges & Exemptions (1629) allowed directors who planted 50 colonists in 4 years to govern large estates (patroonships) autonomously Only Renesselaerswyk was successful Couldn’t recreate European social order & manage estates long- distance all people to participate in fur trade doubled population from 1,000 to 2,000 Relations with “Wilden” soured by daily provocations & culture clashes Kiliaen Van Rensselaer
English Conquest Peter Stuyvesant became governor in 1647 Settled Conn. Boundary & conquered Swedish colony to the south Clashed with local elites King Charles II granted land to his brother James, Duke of York & Albany Stuyvesant forced to surrender to English in 1664 without a fight New Netherlands & New Amsterdam became New York, and Ft. Orange became Albany
French Colonizati on Jacques Cartier explored America , but turmoil in France prevented follow-up Samuel de Champlain founded first permanent French settlement at Quebec in 1608 Marquette & Joliet explored Great Lakes & upper Mississippi valley in 1673 La Salle sailed down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico in Jacques Cartier Samuel de Champlain
New France & Louisiana Population grew slowly 1663: 3,050; 1700: 15,000 Partly because King Louis XIV refused to allow Huguenots to settle there Dependent on Indian allies, so tended to treat them better than English & Spanish did