The resource for testing of Leptospirosis On site

Leptospirosis Caused by bacteria leptospires: long, thin, motile spirochetes maintained in the genital and urinary tract Characterized by Weil’s in 1886 Also known as infectious jaundice Animals are the natural host The infection is often wrongly diagnosed due to the wide range of symptoms. Wrong diagnosis leads to potentially fatal infections of the kidney, liver, brain, lung or heart

A Global Infection High Low Annual rates of leptospira infection 0.02 per 100,000 population in temperate climates 100 to 500 times increased rate in tropical climates Associated with heavy rainfall or flooding

Transmission Route Transmitted to humans by direct exposure with urine or tissue of an infected animal: Rodents Raccons Oopossums Cattle Swine Dogs Horses Buffaloes Sheep Goats

Leptospirosis Does Not Discriminate the Rich & Poor

Risk of Exposure An occupational hazard A recreational hazard Outdoor sporting in contaminated lakes & rivers: camping swimming kayaking rafting Outdoor laborers /animal workers: farmers mine workers sewer workers slaughter house workers veterinarians animal caretakers fish workers military personnel

Leptospirosis Prevention Vaccinate your pets to protect them and your family members against this disease Avoid contact with animal urine or body fluids, particularly with any open wounds Do not swallow, swim or walk in water that may contain animal urine Wear protective clothing or footwear near soil or water that may be contaminated with animal urine

Leptospirosis Course 2 days – 4 wks In 2nd week

Common Symptoms of Leptospirosis High fever Headache Chills Muscle aches Vomiting Jaundice Red eyes Abdominal Pain Diarrhea Rash

Leptospirosis Complications If not diagnosed and treated Ards Azotemia Meningitis Extreme fatigue Hemorrhage Hearing loss Respiratory distress Pulmonary hemorrhage Hepatomegaly Weil's disease (liver and renal failure) Fatality rate is 1 to 5%! Hepatomegaly

Leptospirosis Treatment A curable Infection! Can be treated with antibiotics such as Doxycycline or Penicillin Treatment is most effective when started promptly people with symptoms suggestive of leptospirosis should contact a health care provider for an on site rapid test

The Threat of Leprospirosis Show false recovery for a while misdiagnosed Not seek medical care Phase I Flu like symptoms 2-4 weeks Life threatening! Phase II severe complications in 2 weeks An Early & Differential Diagnosis Is Required!

Diseases Resembling Leptospirosis Light symptoms differentiation from Influenza other related viral diseases Middle to high severity symptoms differentiation from Dengue fever Other hemorrhagic fevers Other fevers Hepatitis Viral meningitis Malaria Typhoid fever

Current Leptospirosis Diagnostics • Epidemiologic history History of contact with stagnant contaminated water or rodents • MAT as gold standard to detect antibodies limited to reference institutes, large panel of the leptospria are required to make the test reagent; Positive result 10–12 days after the first clinical symptoms and signs • Urine, blood, CSF culture The median time for positive result is from 3 weeks to 3 months; Useless for diagnosis, but is commonly used in research. • PCR Early, accurate diagnosis, but expensive and is commonly used in research Serology antibody test Positive results seen in 5-10 days after infection, commonly used

CTK Leptospirosis Test Kit CE ! OnSite Leptospira IgG /IgM Combo Rapid Test Detects IgG and IgM in one test device Can use serum, plasma & whole blood Simple procedure, result in 15 minutes Requires minimal training without equipment The most sensitive rapid test kit on market

OnSite Leptospira IgG /IgM Combo Test Window

OnSite Leptospira IgG/IgM Combo Kit CE ! Catalog: R0101C 1 drop of specimen 1 drop of sample diluent Result

Test Result Interpretation OnSite Leptospira IgG/IgM Combo Kit Test Result Interpretation Negative IgM Positive IgG Positive IgM+G Positive No infection Fresh early Re-infection Current Infection Infection late stage infection

OnSite Leptospira IgG /IgM Combo kit Performance Sensitivity and Specificity Stability Stable for 4 months at 45°C Stable for 18 months at 2-30°C Test Sensitivity Specificity OnSite IgM 40%-90% 90-99 % OnSite IgG 90%-100% Competitors 28% - 48% Simple, cost effective on site screening test to indicate for leptospira infection

CTK Leptospira Differential Test kits CTK OnSite Rapid Test Kits Major Symptoms CE Status OnSite influenza A/B Rapid test Headache, muscle ache CE OnSite Hepatitis A, B, C and E Rapid Test Fever, jaundices N/A OnSite Malaria Ab and Ag Rapid Test Chill, fever, headache OnSite Dengue IgG/IgM and Ag Rapid Test Fever, headache OnSite CHIK IgM Rapid Test OnSite Flariasis IgG/IgM Rapid Test Fever OnSite Rotavirus Ag Rapid Test Fever, vomiting diarrhea OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Rapid Test

Leptospirosis - Final Message Infectious disease caused by leptospires Transmitted to humans by direct exposure to urine or tissue of an infected animal. Typically progresses through two phases of nonspecific symptoms. Pets may also be at risk of contracting leptospirosis. Treated with antibiotics and it is rarely fatal if treated promptly. For early, cost effective, differential diagnosis Ask for OnSite Leptospira IgG/IgM Combo test kit!

For Onsite leptospira Test Kit Information Local distributor CTK contact information: Info@ctkbiotech.com sales@ctkbiotech.com tech@ctkbiotech.com sparker@ctkbiotech.com dhanlon@ctkbiotech.com jheidecker@ctkbiotech.com San Diego, CA 92121, USA