By Dalip Singh, President, AEE Delhi Workshop for Electricity Consumers On 25Apr 2015 at NMA, Sector 62 Noida

 Electric power generation delicensed  License for transmission, distribution and trading  Central Electricity Authority  Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)  State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs)  Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL)  Distribution Companies (DISCOs) to follow tariff approved by SERCs in billing the consumers  Consumer Grievance Forum

 Section 61(c) of EA 2003 requires the regulators to be guided by the factors like efficiency and economical use of resources in determination of tariff.  Section 62 (3) empowers regulators to differentiate tariffs based on the consumer's load factor, power factor, total consumption or time of supply.  Section of Tariff Policy dated 6Jan 2006 stresses on adoption of dual tariff an time differentiated rates of energy to enable flattening of peak demands and implementing energy conservation measures.

 Fixed Charges for demand  Variable Charges for energy consumed  Incentives for better reactive power mgmt  Incentives for better load management

 Contacted Demand  Recorded Demand  Billable demand Note: Various SERCs have defined billable demand in different ways. Some SECRs consider contracted demand as the billable while some SERCs lay down a limit of 70-90% of contracted demand as the billable demand, if actual demand is below this level.

 Metering of energy drawn  Per KWh  Per KVAh

 Reactive Power is an essential evil in AC power supply systems  High PF is desirable for DISCOM & consumers  High PF is achieved by reactive power mgmt  Rebate for high PF in tariff is direct incentive  Energy billing in KVAh is indirect incentive

 Demand metering by utility meter is interval data recording at intervals of 15 or 30 min  The demand recorded in the interval having sharpest peak in the month considered to indicate monthly demand  Uniform demand implies higher load factor while widely fluctuating demand with sharp peaks results in low load factor (LF)  LF for tariff purpose is the ratio of total energy and the energy that could have been consumed, had the actual demand been same as the contracted demand  Minimum Billable demand, direct incentive for high LF and TOU(Time of use) rates are used to manage demand

S. No. State/UTTOUMBD as % of CD Energy unit LF intervention 1Delhi(SIP)Yes100KVAhNo 2Haryana(HT-Ind)No100KVAhNo 3Rajasthan(HT-2)No75KWhNo 4Uttar Pradesh(HV2) Yes75KVAhYes (Positive) 5Uttarakhand(RTS7- HT) Yes80KVAhYes (negative)

 LT Supply Consumer Categories: LMV-1 to LMV-10  HT Supply Consumer Categories: HV-1 to HV-4  HV-1: Rs270 per KVA, Rs6.80 per KVAh  HV-2: Rs250 per KVA, Rs6.30per KVAh  MBD=75% of CD for both HV1 and HV2  TOU charges -7.5% (OFF Peak) and 15% (Peak hours)  High Load factor incentives in HV2 Note: Details of UPERC Tariff to be explained by Mr Raghvendra Yadav, Executive Engr, PVVNL

Dalip Singh, CEO India EnMS Consulting Pvt Ltd 601, Tradex Tower-2, ACB, Alpha-I Greater Noida (UP) India