Identity Management Standards from OASIS Patrick Gannon President & CEO Patrick Gannon President & CEO Architecting Identity Management The Open Group, Boundaryless Information Flow San Francisco, 24 January 2005

n Future Shock – “De-perimiterization” n Why do standards matter? n What is a “standard”; how can you tell? n Key directions in Web Services Standards n What your company can do Open Standards for Identity Management

Businesses have to deal with “Future Shock” daily!

Orderly business systems suffer…

De-perimiterization

A smooth sailing business environment is transformed…

Into a fight for your business survival

It’s enough to make you want to…

Why then do standards matter?

Why do standards matter for e-business? n Businesses require expansion of the value chain into unlimited, de-perimiterized extranets n Support of multiple platforms is a business necessity n Must support multiple languages, taxonomies, semantics and business processes But… n Normalizing data, processes and users costs time and money

Why do standards matter? Risk Reduction for e-commerce Interoperable standards Diversity of business partners and technologies Unstable business and technical requirements Persistent technical base with stable versioning Evolving and converging standards New and emerging business requirements Need for long term support Reliable, fixed terms of availability

“Without standards, a technology cannot become ubiquitous, particularly when it is part of a larger network.” The Economist, 8 May 2003

What is a “standard” and how can you tell?

n Anything that a vendor publishes? Or on which a few vendors agree? l They may be “specifications” l Some call them “de facto” standards l But they are not necessarily open standards n Open standards are distinguishable: l Published, clear rules l Level playing field with public input l Transparent operations l Transparent output What is a Standard?

What’s an “Open Standard”? An open standard is: n publicly available in stable, persistent versions n developed and approved under a published process n open to input: public comments, public archives, no NDAs n subject to explicit, disclosed IPR terms Anything else is to some extent proprietary: n This is a policy distinction, not a pejorative n See the US, EU, WTO governmental & regulatory definitions of “standards”

Regulatory mandates for standards Increasingly, it matters to government buyers, users and regulators whether standards are “real” standards. l WTO Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, Annex 3: n l National criteria, such as in the U.S. gov’t: n l These rules focus on desirable process attributes: public process, public archives, open to comment without NDA or non-compete restrictions, etc.

n OASIS is a member-led, international non-profit standards consortium concentrating on structured information and global e-business standards n Members of OASIS are l Vendors, users, academics and governments l Organizations, individuals and industry groups n Best known for e-business & security standards such as: UDDI SAML ebXML WS-Security WSRP WSRM SPML XACML UBL

n To be successful, a standard must be used n Adoption is most likely when the standard is l Freely accessible l Meets the needs of a large number of adopters l Flexible enough to change as needs change l Produces consistent results l Checkable for conformance, compatibility l Implemented and thus practically available n Sanction and Traction both matter Standards Adoption

Market Adoption Open Standardization Traction Sanction Proprietary JCVConsortiaSDO SGML ISO XML W3C SOAP v1.1 SOAP v1.2 W3C UDDI v2,3 UDDI.org WSDL v1.2 W3C ebXML(x4) OASIS WSDL v1.1 WS-Security BPEL4WS WS-BPEL OASIS WSS OASIS UDDI v2,3 OASIS ISO 15000

Formula for Sustainable Standards Market Adoption Open Standardization Traction Sanction Proprietary JCVConsortiaSDO SGML ISO XML W3C SOAP v1.1 SOAP v1.2 W3C UDDI v2,3 UDDI.org WSDL v1.2 W3C ebXML x4 OASIS WSDL v1.1 WS-S v1.0 BPEL4WS WS-BPEL OASIS WSS OASIS ebXML ISO UDDI v2,3 OASIS

Key Directions in Security Standards for Web Services

Common transport (HTTP, etc.) Common language (XML) Service Discovery Service Description Orchestration & Management Security & Access Messaging Data Content Web Services Security

Common transport (HTTP, etc.) Common language (XML) Service Discovery Service Description Orchestration & Management Security & Access Messaging Data Content DSS, PKI, SAML, WSS, XCBF [DSML], RLTC, XACML, SPML WSDM, WSRF, WSN ASAP, BTP, ebXML- BP, WSBPEL, WSCAF CAM

Web Services security n Most e-business implementations require a traceable, auditable, bookable level of assurance when data is exchanged n IT operations demand “transactional” level of reliable functionality, whether it’s an economic event (booking a sale) or a pure information exchange n Dealings between divisions often need security and reliability as much as deals between companies

Security: function by function n Identity authentication n Encryption and protection against interception n Control of access and authority

Identity authentication The latest e-business security standards implement the next generation of identity deployment l In the 1990’s, PKI assumed a universal network of official certification authorities l Newer federated / distributed identity models permit identity certification to be decentralized and shared among service providers and existing registrars SAML WS-Security XCBF

Identity authentication n SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language ) l A standard way to convey identity and authorization data l Winner of PC Magazine’s Technology Excellence Award in 2002 and Digital ID World 2003 award for innovation in 2003 l SAML 1.0 approved as an OASIS Standard in Nov. 2002; SAML 1.1 in Aug l SAML 2.0 approved as Committee Draft in Dec. 2004; OASIS Standard in Q1 2005

Identity authentication n WS-Security (Web Services Security) l The standard method for attaching security data to a web services message l Wide support in web services tool-making l Profiles (modules) completed for: l WS-Security suite approved as an OASIS Standard in April 2004 Username-token/ password pairs X.509 PKI SAML Rights expression languages

Identity authentication n XCBF (eXtensible Common Biometric Format) l Method for conveying biometric identity data such as retina scans and fingerprints l Coordinated with other world efforts, including ITU-T standards and the ANSI X9.84 banking industry biometrics initiative l Expect to see more tools and devices commercially deployed soon l XCBF 1.1 approved as an OASIS Standard in August 2003

Encryption and protection against interception & intrusion n A key problem with encrypted messages travelling over a shared or public network: if you encrypt the wrong bits, it doesn’t arrive, or the recipient can’t process it n Shared and automated methods for managing security require a shared vocabulary about security weaknesses and risks DSS PKI TC AVDL WAS

Encryption and protection against interception & intrusion n DSS (Digital Signature Services) l Develop methods for processing production and consumption of digital signatures l Project underway n PKI TC (Public Key Infrastructure Technical Committee) l Promotion and research regarding industry use of PKI digital signatures and practical obstacles to deployment l Project underway

Encryption and protection against interception & intrusion n AVDL (Application Vulnerability Description Lang.) l Uniform method for describing appl. security vulnerabilities l AVDL 1.0 approved as an OASIS Standard in May 2004 n WAS (Web Application Security) l Threat model and classification scheme for web security vulnerabilities l WAS 1.0 is under development l Network Magazine started a petition campaign to support wide deployment of AVDL and WAS:

Control of access and authority n In transactional information exchanges, you often must apply l access lists, l directories of recipients, l levels of authority, and l access policies n So that you know who gets what, and who should get it XACML SPML

Control of access and authority n XACML (Digital Signature Services) l Method for conveying and applying data access policies & controls l Demo’ed at XML2003 in Philadelphia l XACML approved as OASIS Standard n v1.0 in Feb n v2.0 in Sep l Role-based access profile issued May 2004 n SPML (Service Provisioning Markup Language) l Disseminates and leverages directories and access lists, such as employee authorizations l Demo’ed at Burton Catalyst 2003 in SF l SPML 1.0 approved as OASIS Standard – Nov. 2003

What should your company be doing?

Reducing Risk Reducing Risk in new e-business technologies n Avoid reinventing the wheel l Stay current with emerging technologies n Influence industry direction l Ensure consideration of own needs n Realize impact of interoperability and network effects n Reduce development cost & time l save development on new technologies l share cost/time with other participants

What can my company do? n Participate l Understand the ground rules l Contribute actively Or… n Be a good observer In any case… n Make your needs known l Use cases, functions, platforms, IPR, availability, tooling n Be pragmatic: standardization is a voluntary process

Identity Management Standards from OASIS Patrick Gannon President & CEO OASIS Patrick Gannon President & CEO OASIS oasis-open.org