Name One interesting thing about you How do you think you learn the best?

Why was it called “The Great War” instead of World War I?

 During the summer and fall of 1914, France lost as many men on the battlefield as the U.S. Army would lose in all of the 20th century!  Russia's losses were never actually counted. It is estimated that over 6 million Russian soldiers were killed in WWI.  During World War One, 230 soldiers perished for each hour of the four and a quarter years it continued.  The world's worst train accident occurred in France, in December 1917 with the deaths of over 600 soldiers.  There were 70million men and women in uniform of that number one-half were either killed, wounded or became prisoners of war.  In Great Britain at the end of the war there were 250,000 wounded soldiers who suffered total or partial amputation.  Half of the dead of Great War have no known grave.  The U.S. was in the war in actual combat for only seven and a half months. During this time 116,000 were killed and 204,000 were wounded.  Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and King George V of England were all first cousins-grandchildren of Queen Victoria of England.

 Militarism  Alliances  Imperialism  Nationalism

 Glorification of the military  When a nation’s armed forces come to dominate a country’s national policy.  As tensions increased leaders began to stockpile weapons and increase armies.  Many of these nations tried to outdo each other by trying to have the most modern weaponry and the most men in uniform Germany1.3m5.0m France0.73m4.0m Russia0.40m1.2m Military Sizes

Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

 Alliances began to from among countries causing increased confidence among leaders.  Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (though they never fought).  Austria-Hungary and Germany came to be known as the Central Powers  Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain  Later known as the Allies  Entente – alliances formed by signing non-binding agreements to try & keep peace.  Leaders knew if they declared war they would have backup. Why was this a recipe for disaster?

 Many of the countries in Europe tried to establish empires that expanded throughout the globe.  They were frequently getting into each other’s way which led to animosity between the countries.  During the Franco-Prussian War (1870) Prussia (Germany) gained control over a small border province, Alsace-Lorraine. France resented this takeover and gave motive for war 44 years later.

Looking at this map how might countries be getting into each other’s way?

 Extreme devotion to one’s nation and ethnic group.  Europeans believed that a nation should express one ethnic group.  If a country existed as a representation of “its people” (the majority ethnic group) the minorities were being left out leading to increased tension. Serbia’s national flag

 Nationalism helped weaken empires such as Austria- Hungary and Ottoman.  The Slavs, who resided in the Balkans resented Austria- Hungary’s power over them. Encouraged by Russia, a Slavic nation, the Slavs of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire tried many times to break free. It would be this struggle that would help to start WWI What is the difference between patriotism and nationalism?

 28 June 1914  Heir to Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo.  At the time, Bosnia was under the rule of Austria-Hungary. But it was also the home of many Serbs and other Slavs, leading to unrest. This area is called the Balkans, and it was known as the “powder keg” of Europe.  Hotbed of Slav nationalism

 “Black Hand” terrorists attack the Arch Duke  Bomb attempt fails in morning  Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and wife in the afternoon.  Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists. Seal of the Black Hand group Gavrilo Princip

The Assassination: Sarajevo

Who’s To Blame?

 June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria assassinated  July 23, 1914 Austria issues Serbia an ultimatum  July 25 th Austria-Hungary denies Serbia’s reply to their demands.

 July 28, 1914 A-H declares war on Serbia  July 30, 1914 Russia orders full mobilization of its troops  August 1,1914 Germany declares war on Russia  August 3, 1914 Germany declares war on France

 Germany requests access for troops in Belgium.  King Albert I denies their entry.  August 4, 1914 Great Britain declared war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality

 Using page 284 in your textbook please color in the map.  Be sure to label the countries of Belgium, Great Britain, and Switzerland  Be Sure to color code the legend on the map.

Nationalism Assassination Belgium