INGL 4235 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND SPANISH: AN INTRODUCTION PROF. ANÍBAL MUÑOZ CLAUDIO TUESDAYS & THURSDAYS 3:00-4:20 P.M. ROOM: LCS 101 www1.uprh.edu/animun

OVERVIEW TENTATIVE CALENDAR EVALUATION ACTIVITIES HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HISTORY OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE THE CA THEORY THE STRUCTURE OF SOUND SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION TO GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY (MUST FOR ESL EDUCATORS) FINAL RESEARCH PROJECT OTHER CONSIDERATIONS (references, etc.)

TENTATIVE CALENDAR DATES TOPIC / ACT. SEPT 4-6 OCT 2-4 OCT 9-11 COURSE INTRODUCTION /GENERAL OVERVIEW SEPT 11-13 LINGUISTICS/ CAH/ CA AND BILINGUALISM / GRAMMAR SEPT 18-20 ENGLISH –SPANISH PATTERNS IN PHONOLOGY SEPT 25-27 PHONEMES, ALLOPHONES, IPA INTONATION, DIALECTS, ETC. OCT 2-4 MORPHOSYNTAX / BASIC SENT. STRUCTURES IN E&S OCT 9-11 MORPHOSYNTAX /NOUN PHRASES AND OTHERS OCT 16-18 CA IN VERB TENSES/ VERB CONJUGATION OCT 23-25 CA IN VERB TENSES / MODALS OCT 30 CA WITH FUNCTION WORDS, PREP., CONJ. , ARTICLES, ETC. NOV 1 LEXICAL UNITS; WORDS AND THEIR MEANINGS, ANGLICISMS IN PR, others NOV 6-8 DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY COGNATES/ HOMOPHONES NOV 13-15 IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS, COLOCATION WORDS AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS NOV 20 IND. PRESENTATION (2-3) STUDENTS PER CLASS (FE) NOV 22 THANKSGIVING RECESS NOV 27-29 IND. PRESENTATION (2-3) STUDENTS PER CLASS DEC 4 DEC 6 DEC 11 FINAL EXAM / REACTION PAPERS DUE (FE) FINAL DAY GROUP RESEARCH PRESENTATION

EVALUATION ACTIVITIES CLASS DISCUSSIONS (BASED ON HOMEWORK) QUIZZES (SPORADIC) INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH/CRITIQUE/ORAL PRESENTATION ON SCHOLARLY ARTICLE (CA, others) REACTION PAPERS (2) EXAM –TERMINOLOGY (FINAL OR INDIVIDUAL) FINAL (GROUP) RESEARCH PROJECT GRADING SYSTEM 90-100 = A 80- 89 = B 70- 79 = C 60- 69 = D 0- 59 = F CUMULATIVE POINTS

HISTORY OF ENGLISH and SPANISH LANGUAGES: DIFFERENT IDIOSYNCRASIES VERY CONVENIENT SITES 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_Languages 2. http://www.englishclub.com/english-what.htm (video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQS699ThBdI 3. http://www.alsintl.com/languages/Spanish.shtml 4. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/Romance_languages.PNG

CA THEORY Language patterns and perceptual processes Why do languages differ? CAH (strong & weak versions) Wardhaugh (1974) "pseudo-procedure“ A COLLECTION OF THEORIES (L1, L2 THEORIES) HIGHLY RECOMMENDED SITE: http://bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk/chimp/langac/LECTURE10/10fra2.htm Spoken language and written language Articulation (phonemes/allophones) Lexicon (anglicisms, idioms, etc.) New tendencies (World Englishes)

The Structure of Sound Systems Articulation of consonants and vowels English alphabet Spanish alphabet IPA (phonetic symbols) Optional and obligatory choices Stress, rhythm, and intonation patterns

Introduction to Grammatical Structures The grammar of a language is a complex set of systems that may be analyzed and studied on these three levels: (Noam Chomsky’s, 1966)(UG) Phonology -set of sounds/ symbols Morphology -combinations of sounds that make up single units of meaning 3. Syntax -how single units of meaning (lexical units) combine to form words, phrases and sentences.

Parts of Speech The matrix PPP: www1uprh.edu/animun Sentence constituents Word classes and morphological characteristics Noun phrases Verb phrases Verb conjugation Modals (auxiliary verbs) Capitalization and punctuation rules Complex and compund sentences Lexical differences Other grammatical aspects

Relevant Terminology Grammar –(see previous slide) Linguistics –systematic study of language (development of L theories) Phonology-scientific study of the pattern of speech sounds in a language Morphology-scientific study of the structure of words (derivation/inflection) Syntax-organization of words in sentences Phonemes- the smallest phonetic unit / a speech sound Allophones-different forms that a phoneme can take optional choices- lexical units or words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) obligatory choices –function words (conjuctions, prepositions, etc.) Dialects – a regional variety of a language (voc., grammar, pronunciation) Homonyms – words with same spelling or sound (rest/rest) Homophones- words with same pronunciation/different meaning (break/brake) Anglicisms-English words or variations used in another language Affixation-addition of prefixes, suffixes, to create a new word or inflections Intonation-pitch of the voice / the rising or falling pitch of voice Sentence constituents- words, phrases, or clauses of sentences Lexical units- words that carry meaning (lexicon): nouns, etc. noun phrase, verb phrase, etc. –sentence constituents Lexicon- meaning of the word

Final Research Project (Group work) 300 POINTS RECONSTRUCT IT (FORMAT & STYLE, ETC.) RESEARCH AND ADD ALL NEW OFFICIAL VERBS TRANSLATE ACCORDINGLY (CA –ENGLISH AND SPANISH) ADD MODALS (AUX. VERBS) CHART REVISE AND EDIT PROVIDE AN ORIGINAL COVER SHEET (YOUR NAMES), INTRODUCTION (USEFULNESS, ETC.)TABLE OF CONTENTS, AND REFERENCE PAGE MAKE PHOTOCOPIES PRESENT IT (CONFERENCE STYLE) (ESL FORUMS: UPRH ENG. DEPT., TESOL, ESA, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, ETC.) V E R B T N S D O C U M

References James, C., (1980). Contrastive analysis Nash, R., (1978) Readings in Spanish-English Contrastive Linguistics