Page 1 Canon – Canonical Books The writings that are recognized by the Church as authoritative / part of the Bible It developed over time through acceptance by Christians and the Church fathers; then confirmed by the Churches Septuagint (c. 250 B.C.) Latin word for 70 – represented by the Roman numeral: LXX 72 scholars, under the sponsorship of Ptolemy Philadelphus translated OT to Greek Quickly became the Bible of the Jews outside Palestine Became the Bible for the early Church Deuterocanonical Books

Page 2 Apocrypha – Deuterocanonical Refer to variety of books and additions found in the Septuagint (the Greek) but not in the Hebrew OT Apocrypha: derived from a Greek word that means “hidden” – acquired the meaning “false” Recognized by the Catholic and Orthodox Churches as canonical (Deuterocanonical) based on the Septuagint The Hebrew canon of the OT was discussed among the Jews until it was finally settled in the Council of Jamnia (c. 90) This Hebrew canon was not accepted by the early Church Dead Sea Scrolls Discovered in 1947 in caves overlooking the Dead Sea Includes OT books, a few books of the Apocrypha and other books 1,000 years closer to the originals than were previously known Demonstration of the care with which OT texts were copied

Page 3 Deuterocanonical Books Deuterocanonical (accepted by the Church as authentic) rather than Apocryphal (false) TobitCharity – the righteous suffers for a short time14 JudithGod grants victory16 The Rest of EstherPrayers, letters and visions6 Wisdom of SolomonWise sayings19 EcclesiasticusThe Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach Church book - high moral and spiritual wise sayings51 BaruchWith the Epistle of Jeremiah Keeping the faith and the law in exile6 The Rest of DanielGod saves His seekers Song of the Three Young Men, History of Susanna, Bel and the Dragon 1 MaccabeesVictory by faith16 2 MaccabeesGod’s care15

Page 4 The Assyrian Period B.C. The Babylonian Period The Persian Period The Hellenistic (Greek) Period Alexander the Great Rule of the Ptolemies of Egypt Rule of the Seleucids of Syria Antiochus (IV) Epiphanes – Judaism prohibited Mattathias and his sons rebel (Maccabean revolt)167 Hasmonean Period The Roman Period63 … From the Exile to Christ

Page 5 Deuterocanonical Books Deuterocanonical (accepted by the Church as authentic) rather than Apocryphal (false) TobitCharity – the righteous suffers for a short time14 JudithGod grants victory16 The Rest of EstherPrayers, letters and visions6 Wisdom of SolomonWise sayings19 EcclesiasticusThe Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach Church book - high moral and spiritual wise sayings51 BaruchWith the Epistle of Jeremiah Keeping the faith and the law in exile6 The Rest of DanielGod saves His seekers The Song of the 3 Young Men, History of Susanna, Bel and the Dragon 1 MaccabeesVictory by faith16 2 MaccabeesGod’s care15 Our Lord’sCaesarRuler BirthAugustusHerod the Great Boyhood at NazarethArchelausJudea Herod AntipasGalilee PhilipIturea Ministry, Death and ResurrectionTiberiusPilateJudea Herod AntipasGalilee PhilipIturea EmpireJews Persian Enjoyed peace and prosperity Macedonian Submitted to Alexander332 Ptolemiac Septuagint Seleucid Religious repression Antiochus IV EpiphanesMaccabean revolt led by Mattathias and his five sons (Judas) Romans63 - A.D. 135Taken by Pompey64 Caesar Augustus Emperorod the Great King of Judea