Introduction to Biotechnology gHofb0&feature=relatedhttp:// gHofb0&feature=related (Intro, 1 min)

h?v=OcG9q9cPqm4 (Intro to biotechnology, 4 min) ?v=Wm6_BBS_KE4 (Intro to biotechnology, 3 min)

What is Biotechnology The manipulation of living organisms or their components to perform practical tasks or provide useful products The industrial use of DNA, cell fusion and bioprocessing techniques (US Office of Technology Assessment, 1991) _KE4http:// _KE4 (Intro to biotechnology, 3 min)

So how long has this been going on? Humans have used living organisms for a long time: – making alcohol from fermented fruits – using yeast for bread – bacteria & fungi used to make cheese & wine

Biotechnology Biotechniques Biotechniques “what we do” processes processes performed in the lab Applications Applications “why we do it” uses practical uses of biotechniques

Genetic Engineering Manipulating genetic material for practical purposes - selective breeding on farms – ancient - genetic modification at the DNA level - relatively new

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Organisms that have been genetically modified

Some applications we will look at 2. Genome Analysis 3. Transgenesis 4. Gene Cloning 5. Stem Cell Research 6. Xenotransplantation 1. DNA Profiling

ApplicationExamples of biotechniques used DNA profilingPCR and gel electrophoresis Genome Analysisclone library and chromosome maps Transgenesisrestriction enzymes and DNA ligase Xenotransplantationtransplant surgery &and immunosupressant drugs Gene Cloningplasmids and markers Stem cell researchextraction and modification

Bioethics We will also look at the ethics of biotechnology:  moral  social  religious  humanitarian Some people have very strong opinions on this subject – it is important to respect their beliefs

 Who owns and regulates the GMOs?  Third world economies at risk of exploitation  Biological risks have not been adequately addressed  Animal ethics issues  The costs of errors  Environmentally friendly  Could improve the sustainability of crop and livestock production  Could potentially benefit the health of many  More predictable and directed than selective breeding

Requirements for 3.2 AND 3.6 For 3.2 and 3.6, you must be able to: – describe the application and 2 biotechniques (A) – explain the techniques (M) – discuss how and why the relevant techniques are used – discuss the human need or demand for the application

Biotechnology FYcM (Overview, 8½ mins) FYcM