Electrical Safety In The Workplace

Electrical Safety SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL When I show this slide, I drive home that this is not an arc flash only standard. Rather it is an electrical safety standard covering all hazards involved with working on potentially energized equipment. Therefore you PPE must be a system in order to protect the worker properly SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

What Is Arc Flash

Residual Damage Behind Where the Person was Standing © ABB 2/07/2012 | Slide 4

5 KV 1200 Amp Breaker Racking Handle © ABB 2/07/2012 | Slide 5

Residual Damage © ABB 2/07/2012 | Slide 6

40 Cal/cm2 Arc Flash Suit © ABB 2/07/2012 | Slide 7

10/17/12 Statement A serious violation occurs when there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from a hazard about which the employer knew or should have known. "This company exposed workers to serious safety hazards that could cause amputations or electrocutions," said Jack Rector, OSHA's area director in Fort Worth. "OSHA will not tolerate an employer's disregard for workplace safety.“ http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEASES&p_id=23085 OSHA News’Release 12-1771-DAL

4 Criteria for OSHA to Issue A Fine $$ It must be a Recognized Standard In Industry. LOTO, Fall Protection, NFPA 70E-All are recognized standards in Industry. Serious injury, or death, could occur if not followed. 3rd Degree Burns, Life Altering Scenario, Death.-All can and do occur if NFPA70E is not followed. Employees must be at Risk. Any employee with a multi-meter (testing), energizing, de-energizing, or working live (hot) would be at risk. There must be an Abatement Method. Salisbury has PPE, Tools and Equipment that can negate or “abate” the hazard.

Hazards and PPE Identification Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces This requirement covers all aspects of worker safety associated with electrical hazards in the workplace. Within this standard are recommendations for proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) Addresses hazards: Shock Arc Flash Arc Blast Requirements for shock and arc flash boundaries Requirements for personal protective equipment SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

Hazard 1: Shock/Electrocution Current, not voltage is lethal. Current enters the body and seeks a pathway back to ground. The human body which is made of water, bone, and muscle tissue is an EXCELLENT conducter. Easiest to prevent.

Shock Illustration Current passage paths through the body Touch Potential Step Potential Touch / Step Potential Touch / Step Potential When I show this slide, I drive home that this is not an arc flash only standard. Rather it is an electrical safety standard covering all hazards involved with working on potentially energized equipment. Therefore you PPE must be a system in order to protect the worker properly Current passing through the heart and lungs is the most serious SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

How Do I Protect Against Shock? Insulating Gloves OSHA 1910.333(a)(1) Rubber Insulating Gloves are among the most important articles of personal protective equipment for electrical workers. They are the first line of defense for contact with any energized components or lines.

Gloves Must Be Inspected Working around sharp object, in close proximity to energized parts Gloves must be inspected prior to each use There are two ways to inspect gloves Manual Portable glove inflator SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

…and Tested. The interval between electrical retest for issued Rubber Gloves shall not exceed six months Gloves that have been electrically tested but not issued shall not be placed into service unless they have been electrically tested within previous twelve months SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

Gloves Storage Rubber gloves should be stored in glove bags Do not store more than one pair of gloves in each bag Do not store on or in front of truck heaters. Do not roll , fold or tape SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

Hazard 2: Arc Blast Expansion Of Air Due to Very Quick Heating Of Air At Ambient Temperature 25 kA can create as much as 480 pounds of pressure on a worker 2 feet away 30% of Deaths in WWII Attributed to concussion waves Air Related Organs Effected 1st – Lungs, Intestines, Brain Approximately 12% of the deaths are caused by the blast.

Hazard 3: Arc Flash As much as 80% of all electrical injuries are burns resulting from an arc-flash and ignition of flammable clothing. Arc temperature can reach 35,000°F - this is four times hotter than the surface of the sun Fatal burns can occur at distances over 10 ft. Over 2000 people are admitted into burn centers each year with severe electrical burns

Face Shields Must Meet ASTM F2178-02 Must Meet ANSI Z87.1 Meet Same Criteria for ATPV Rating Given to Garments Based on ASTM F1958 Clean With Mild Soap and Warm Water SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

130.7(C)(1) Parts to be Protected. (C) Personal Protective Equipment. (1) General. When an employee is working within the Arc Flash Protection Boundary he or she shall wear protective clothing and other personal protective equipment in accordance with 130.3. All parts of the body inside the Arc Flash Protection Boundary shall be protected.

NFPA 70E provides choices for selecting PPE Perform an arc flash hazard analysis, and document the incident energy exposure EasyPower Duke Flux Software (Freeware) ETAP IEEE 1584 Standard As an alternate, use the “Hazard Risk Category Classifications” table to choose the PPE level required for the task 40 Cal Option SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

Method 1 (Arc Flash Analysis) 130.3 Requirement for Analysis “The flash hazard analysis shall be updated when a major modification or renovation takes place. It shall be reviewed periodically, not to exceed 5 years to account for changes in the electrical distribution system that could affect the results of the analysis”

Salisbury Assessment Solutions (SAS) This is the best way to identify the proper PPE requirements. Salisbury Assessment Solutions. Variables that effect the size and energy of an electric arc flash are: Amperage Voltage Arc gap Closure time Distance away from arc 3 phase v single phase Confined space Characteristics of equipment

130.3(C) PPE Requirements Spelled Out. (C) Equipment Labeling. Equipment shall be field marked with a label containing the available incident energy or required level of PPE WARNING ! Arc Flash and Shock Hazard Appropriate PPE Required

Hazard Risk Category Tables (Method 2) Table 130.7(C)(9) Hazard Risk Category Classifications and Use of Rubber Insulating Gloves and Insulated and Insulating Hand Tools Tasks Performed on Energized Equipment Hazard/ Risk Category Rubber Insulating Gloves Insulated and Hand Tools Panel boards rated 240 V and below – Notes 1 — Circuit breaker (CB) or fused switch operation with covers on N CB or fused switch operation with covers off Work on energized parts, including voltage testing 1 Y Remove/install CBs or fused switches Removal of bolted covers (conductors and circuit expose bare, energized t parts) Opening hinged covers (conductors and circuit expose bare, energized t parts) Panel boards or Switchboards rated >240 V and up to 600 V (with molded case or insulated case circuit breakers) — Notes1 CB or fused switch operation with covers on 2*

Drawbacks to using Tables (Method 2 cont) When using the tables provided in the NFPA 70E manual, only voltage is taken into consideration. This usually causes over protection as all other variables are maxed out. Variables that effect the size and energy of an electric arc flash are: Amperage Voltage Arc gap Closure time Distance away from arc 3 phase v single phase Confined space Characteristics of equipment

Cat 4 If a Hazard Level Assessment has not been done and the end user does not wish to reference the tables; then a Category 4 Level of PPE is required.

70E 130.7(D)(1) Tools/Meters As PPE employees must use insulated tools and/or handling equipment when working inside the limited approach boundary of exposed live parts where tools or handling equipment might make accidental contact OSHA 1910.335(a)(2)(i) When working near exposed energized conductors or circuit parts, each employee shall use insulated tools or handling equipment…

NFPA 70E 2012 Summary of Significant Changes All references to “FR” now changed to “Arc Rated”. This identifies that FR clothing is not necessarily tested to the ASTM test for arc rating. Addition of incident energy tables for direct current (DC) systems. Terms such as “flash protection boundary”, “flash hazard boundary”, and “flash boundary” changed to new term “arc flash boundary”. The nose was added to the coverage needed from a balaclava. Retraining shall be performed at intervals not to exceed 3 years. Electrical safety program shall identify procedures for working: within the limited approach boundary and arc flash boundary to clarify the separation between the two boundaries. Removal of 2* category. For 2012, all is included in category 2. Arc Blast is now a recognized hazard by NFPA 70E. Inclusion of this hazard may require updated assessments. Employees must report any perceived contact to supervision. Employers must inform contractors of any known hazards.

Determining Who Is to Be Trained 110.4 Use of Equipment. Formally Section 130.4 (A) Test Instruments and Equipment (1) Testing. Only qualified persons shall perform tasks such as testing troubleshooting and voltage measuring with the limited approach boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuits parts operating at 50volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists.

Often Heard Phrase “It Can’t Happen to Me”. A frequently-cited study* by Chicago-based safety contractors Capelli-Schellpfeffer, Inc. reports that between 5 and 10 arc-flash incidents causing serious injuries that require treatment in a burn center occur each day. Of these, 1 or 2 result in death. A CDC/NIOSH study** puts the total number of arc-flash injuries from 1992 through 2001 at 17,101.

Statistics (Annual data) 4,000 3,600 2,000+ 365 4 Electrical contact injuries, non-disabling Electrical contact injuries, disabling Person is electrocuted Electrocutions Leading cause of occupational fatalities Workers are sent to burn centers with electrical burns SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

Changing Profession, Changing Attitudes 1942 SALISBURY by Honeywell - CONFIDENTIAL

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