ADIPOSE TISSUE Presentation # 2 Kelli Carlson and Kelly Zook

TYPES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE  Two types of adipose tissue  White  Stores energy as large fat droplets  Most common  Helps with heat insulation, mechanical cushion and as a source of energy  Brown  Stores energy as much smaller droplets and burns them quicker  Packed with mitochondria  Infants are born with rich stores

HOW DOES IT GET THERE?  Adipocytes makes up adipose tissue  Adipocytes form in the body during embryonic development/pregnancy

ADIPOCYTE FORMATION / GROWTH  Originate from fibroblast-like precursor cells that differentiate into adipocytes under specific conditions  When filled with lipid and get to a critical size, precursor cells stimulated to differentiate  hyperplastic growth  No marker used to determine whether they will become adipocytes

FORMATION / GROWTH  Hyperplastic growth: increase in number of adipocytes from precursor cells – cannot be reversed  Third trimester of pregnancy (embryo) – 4 weeks of age and prior to/during puberty  CRUCIAL TIMES FOR NOURISHMENT AND PREVENTING FUTURE OBESITY!  Can also occur in adults - When adipocytes fill with lipid and get to a critical size, precursor cells are stimulated to differentiate, and an increase in adipocyte number results  Once new adipocytes are formed they remain throughout life- only a reduction in size is possible  Hypertrophic growth: increase in size of adipocytes

CONSUMPTION  Lipogenesis: deposition of fat – occurs at cellular level  Energy ingested as fat beyond daily energy demands is stored in adipose tissue  Excess carbs and proteins can also be converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue