Zoo-342 Molecular biology Lecture 2 DNA replication

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Presentation transcript:

Zoo-342 Molecular biology Lecture 2 DNA replication

DNA replication DNA replication is the process in which one doubled-stranded DNA molecule is used to create two double-stranded molecules with identical DNA sequences. DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.

Three alternative models for DNA replication

Initiation of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Each mammalian chromosome is composed of many replication sites or origins of replication (replicons). The Escherichia coli (prokaryotes), chromosome is composed of only one replicon.

Initiation of DNA replication

DNA replication fork Helicase unwind the double-stranded DNA helix and single-strand binding proteins (ssb protein) react with the single-stranded regions of the DNA.

Differences between DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Site of DNA replication In the cytoplasm In the nucleus The number of origin replication (replicon) One Several (many) The number of nucleotides in the replicon 100-200 nucleotides Each replicon is formed of approximately 150 nucleotides The number of replication forks Two Many Types of DNA polymerase Leading and lagging strands synthesize by DNA polymerase III Leading strand is synthesized by DNA polymerase delta (δ), while lagging strand is synthesized by DNA polymerase alpha (α). Size of Okazaki fragments Large, approximately 1500 nucleotides Short, approximately 150 nucleotides

http://highered. mheducation http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007298760x/student_view0/chapter9/structural_basis_of_dna_replication.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007298760x/student_view0/chapter9/how_nucleotides_are_added_in_dna_replication.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007298760x/student_view0/chapter9/bidirectional_dna_replication__quiz_2_.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007298760x/student_view0/chapter9/dna_replication_fork__quiz_1_.html