Organizational Change Occurs when an organization restructures resources to –increase the ability to create value –improve effectiveness

Forces for Organizational Change Competitive forces Economic, political, and global forces Demographic and social forces Ethical forces

Organization-Level Resistance to Organizational Change Power and conflict Differences in functional orientation Mechanistic structures Organizational culture

Group norms Group cohesiveness Groupthink Group-Level Resistance to Organizational Change

Uncertainty and insecurity Selective perception and retention Habit Individual-Level Resistance to Organizational Change

Managing Change: Action Research Diagnose the Organization Determine the Desired Future State Implement Action –identify possible impediments to change –decide who will be responsible for changes –unfreeze, change, and refreeze procedures –assess the degree to which changes have accomplished the desired objectives Institutionalize Action Research

EducationCommunicationParticipationEmpowerment Managing Change: Overcoming Resistance