FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Robert Mayo Senior Statistician FAO Statistics Division UNECE/FAO/Eurostat Workshop on Environment Statistics (Budva, Montenegro, May 2013) Fertilizer Statistics Methodology

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division The importance of fertilizers and fertilizer statistics and indicators Environmental impacts Development of production capacities; Production, imports and exports; Deliveries; Stocks; Use in agriculture; Prices.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Essential nutrients Large quantities of: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium; Smaller quantities of: Sulphur, Calcium, Magnesium; Very small quantities of: Iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum and chlorine.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Terminology Nitrogen – N, Phosphates – P or P 2 0 5, Potash – K or K 2 O, Calcium- CaO or Ca, Magnesium - MgO or Mg.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Classification Straight fertilizers: N, P, or K; Compound fertilizers: NP compounds; NK compounds; PK compounds; NPK compounds.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Essential elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O); Primary nutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P ), Potassium (K 2 0); Secondary nutrients: Sulphur (S), Calcium (CaO), Magnesium (MgO) Micronutrients: Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Chlorine (Cl)

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Conversion factors for major nutrients P x = P P x = P K 2 0 x = K K x = K 2 0 CaO x = Ca Ca x = CaO Mgo x = Mg Mg x = MgO

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used straight nitrogenous fertilizers Straight Nitrogenous Fertilizers % N % N Ammonium sulphate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulphate nitrate 26 Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) Sodium nitrate 16 Calcium nitrate 15.5 Urea Anhydrous ammonia (direct application) 82 Aqua ammonia Urea ammonium nitrate – 32 Ammonium chloride 25

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used straight phosphatic fertilizers Straight Phosphatic Fertilizers % P % P Single superphosphate (SSP) Concentrated superphosphate 30 or Triple superphosphate (TSP) Basic slag Ground rock phosphate (direct application) Fused magnesium phosphate

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used straight potassic fertilizers Straight Potassic Fertilizers % K 2 0 % K 2 0 Potassium chloride (muriate of potash) Potassium chloride with magnesium Potassium sulphate Potassium magnesium sulphate 22 or Ammonium Phosphates Examples of grades Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18–46-0 Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (50-55) - 0 Ammonium polyphosprate

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Commonly used potassium nitrate fertilizers Potassium nitrate 13 – NP, PK, NK and NPK compounds Numerous grades, for example: , , , , , , , ,

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content and fertilizer grade ammonium sulphate has 21% N 100 kg of ammonium sulphate product contains 21 kg N. superphosphate has 18% P kg of single superphosphate product contains 18 kg P potassium chloride contains 60% K kg of potassium chloride product contains 60 kg K 2 0.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content and fertilizer grade For example, diammonium phosphate containing 18% N and 46% P is expressed as A compound fertilizer contains 12 kg N, 6kg of P and 6kg of K 2 0. The "nutrient ratio" refers to the ratios of the three nutrient analyses e.g. the fertilizer referred to above has a 2:1:1 ratio.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Time periods No standard time period for reporting fertilizer statistics; Calendar year basis; Split year basis - July/June; Other time periods used; Use of a standard, calendar year (January to December) advised. This provides possibility to relate the fertilizer consumption to agricultural production, yield, etc.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation - N FertilizerNutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient N Straight nitrogenous fertilizers Ammonium sulphate 21 % N Calcium ammonium nitrate 26 % N Urea 46% N Sub Total

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation - P FertilizerNutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient P 2 O 5 Straight phosphatic fertilizers Single superphosphate 18% P 2 O Triple superphosphate 18% P 2 O Sub Total

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation - K FertilizerNutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient K 2 O Straight potassic fertilizers Muriate of potash60 % K Sulphate of potash50 % K Sub Total

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Nutrient content calculation – N, P, K Fertilizer Complex Nutrient Content Material Tonnes Nutrient N Nutrient P 2 O 5 Nutrient K 2 O Ammonium phosphate sulphate ( ) Diammonium phosphate ( ) NPK compound ( ) Sub Total Grand Total

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Further information and acknowledgements Further information available at: FAO Statistics Division: FAOSTAT Fertilizers: Acknowledgements: The input of Dominic Ballayan and Simona Mosco is very much appreciated in preparing this presentation.