Narrated by your classmates  Marine Pollution Narrated by your classmates 

Essential Question: What benefits do you derive from the oceans? How does your behavior (in Chicago) affect the oceans? Give 5 specific examples. Objective: SWBAT assess impacts from Marine Pollution.

Describe the term GYRE. http://strangesounds.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Great-Pacific-Garbage-Patch.png

Plastic debris endangers marine life Most ocean pollution is non-point source (from inland sources too), as the Clean Water Act significantly reduced discharge of point source pollution. Identify types of “trash” or pollutants & how they got into the ocean Trace the pathway from Chicago to an ocean Plastic degrades very slowly (500 – 1000 yrs) in salt water and sunlight. As it breaks apart, the pollutant becomes even more harmful as organisms mistake it for food. List two other ways trash will leave the ocean surface Describe three other ways plastics are a detriment to the ocean and its inhabitants Discuss measure(s) to combat this problem (think legislation)

Oil Pollution (from spills of all sizes) 30% of crude oil and natural gas come from deposits under the seafloor. On the graph: *Explain*  read title and clarify with examples Identify the point source contribution(s) Identify the non-point source contribution(s)

Other sources of marine pollution: Toxic pollutants (define) Give one example (element/chemical) and describe its effect on organisms Bioaccumulation & biomagnification Excess nutrients Source from __________. Identify it as a point source or non-point source “Dead Zones” What organism(s) cause this? Algal bloom “Red Tide”

Predicting the Oceans’ Garbage Patches Clearly describe the sequence of diagrams Begin with key Explain movement across years & cause of travel (forces, etc…) Discuss the process of monitoring & tool(s) used for prediction

Emptying the Oceans Describe why the old cliché that “there are always more fish in the sea is misleading” Define the terms: cliché, biological resources, unprecedented, exploited, intensively, depleting Compare “fully exploited” and “over-exploited”. Which term is worse? If current trends continue, what year will the populations of fish collapse & the oceans no longer be “fishable”?

Reasons for severe declines in fish populations: People overfish (describe) Fishing has industrialized (explain method & target catch) for “factory fishing” Driftnets Longline fishing Trawling vs bottom trawling Modern fishing fleets deplete marine life rapidly Identify the top three “guilty” countries Which species of fish has suffered the greatest decline, especially off the Northeast Coast of America? Define: “factory fishing”, bycatch

Several Factors Mask Declines Explain: Marine biodiversity loss erodes ecosystem services.” Using the five statements below, explain: “Although industrialized fishing has depleted fish stocks in region after region, the overall global catch has remained roughly stable for two decades.” Fishing fleets now travel longer distances to reach less-fished areas of the ocean Fishing occurs in deeper waters More time is spent fishing & more nets and lines are set to increase catch yield More powerful technology (describe these: sonar mapping, satellite navigation, and thermal sensing systems) We are fishing “down the food chain” – explain this using the terms “younger”, “smaller and less desirable”, and “image make-overs .... Slimehead & Toothfish”

Marine Conservation Define “marine conservation”, “maximum sustainable yield”, Fisheries management has been based on maximum sustainable yield Knowledge is used for timing of harvests, scale of harvests, techniques used to catch fish Considering the impacts of fishing practices on habitat quality, species interactions, and other factors which could pose a detriment to population recovery MPAs… Marine Protected Areas (100’s along the coastlines) Why does the book imply that these areas do not do much to protect the future of ocean organisms? (list 4 reasons) Marine Reserves… compare to an MPA How do most commercial and recreational fishermen feel about the marine reserves and why?

Marine Reserves CLEARLY translate these statistics: Benefits Increased densities by 91% Increased biomass by 192% Increased average size of organisms by 31% Increased species diversity by 23% Benefits Produce rapid & long-term increases in abundance, diversity, productivity of marine organisms Decrease mortality & habitat destruction Lessen the likelihood of species expiration Outside the reserve… “spillover effect” – describe that, “seed the seas” – describe that